Mitigation of liquefaction and associated ground deformations by stone columns

The mechanism of instability in granular soils is explained and its requirement as a forerunner to the liquefaction of level or sloping ground is described. Case histories support the observation t...

Evaluation of static liquefaction potential of silty sand slopes

The emergence of new technologies is largely dependent on critical examination of the current state of relevant technologies. Accordingly, this paper aims to present the latest advancements in the issues related to deep mixing technology when applied as a countermeasure against liquefaction. Various remedial measures based on the solidification concept are discussed. The basic issues related to various applications of deep mixing for liquefaction, design considerations, and seismic response analysis are examined. A number of case histories is presented, along with the latest progress in new pertinent technologies currently under investigation in Japan. A conceptual framework is proposed for liquefaction mitigation of existing structures. The research needed for further investigation using deep mixing technology for liquefaction is summarized.

Deep Mixing Technology for Liquefaction Mitigation

Subsurface cavity expansion in clay induced by compaction grouting can generate upward displacement of clay and/or increase in effective stress leading to consolidation, resulting in settlement compensation and/or shear strength enhancement respectively. However, the two potential benefits of subsurface cavity expansion may offset each other. Experiments and numerical simulations on the engineering behaviour of E-grade kaolin induced by subsurface pressure-controlled cavity expansion were conducted to investigate the interrelationship between compensation effectiveness and shear strength enhancement. The results of numerical simulations are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that the numerical simulation procedure adopted is a plausible and reliable technique to describe the engineering behaviour of clays induced by pressure-controlled cavity expansion. Effects of cavity expansion rate, cavity expansion volume, injection point spacing, and stress history on compensation ef...

/pdf/effects-of-subsurface-cavity-expansion-in-clays-53kxenev1s.pdf

Effects of subsurface cavity expansion in clays

Numerical assessment of liquefaction mitigation effects on residential houses: Case histories of the 2007 Niigata Chuetsu-offshore earthquake

Liquefaction failure, including large lateral displacements and associated settlement, severely damaged marina facilities at Redondo Beach King Harbor during the Northridge Earthquake of January 17, 1994. Although minor ground deformation apparently occurred in several areas of the harbor, severe damage was restricted to the central portion of mole B, one of four offshore fills constructed as a part of marina improvements in 1960–61. Local ground conditions and methods used to remediate liquefaction are presented and discussed. Two ground modification techniques were used to mitigate the liquefaction potential of the reconstructed mole b facilities. The major portion of the failure area was treated with vibroreplacement stone columns. Vibratory displacement and installation of the gravel columns not only densified the foundation soils, but also provide additional strength and drainage capacity. Compaction grouting was used to densify foundation soils in the vicinity of existing improvements that were considered sensitive to construction-induced ground vibrations. These ground improvement techniques effectively reduced the liquefaction potential and allowed the marina improvements to be reconstructed on shallow foundations similar to the original design.

Liquefaction failure and remediation: king harbor redondo beach, california

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Liquefaction failure and remediation: king harbor redondo beach, california