Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

As a fascinating conjugated polymer, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a new research hotspot and drawn broad interdisciplinary attention as a metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst in the arena of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. This is due to its appealing electronic band structure, high physicochemical stability, and “earth-abundant” nature. This critical review summarizes a panorama of the latest progress related to the design and construction of pristine g-C3N4 and g-C3N4-based nanocomposites, including (1) nanoarchitecture design of bare g-C3N4, such as hard and soft templating approaches, supramolecular preorganization assembly, exfoliation, and template-free synthesis routes, (2) functionalization of g-C3N4 at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization), and (3) modification of g-C3N4 with well-matched energy levels of another semiconductor or a metal as a cocatalyst to form heterojunction nanostructures. The constructi...

Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability?

Mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials, a new class of materials characterized by large specific surface areas and pore sizes between 2 and 15 nm, have been obtained through the coupling of inorganic and organic components by template synthesis. The incorporation of functionalities can be achieved in three ways: by subsequent attachment of organic components onto a pure silica matrix (grafting), by simultaneous reaction of condensable inorganic silica species and silylated organic compounds (co-condensation, one-pot synthesis), and by the use of bissilylated organic precursors that lead to periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). This Review gives an overview of the preparation, properties, and potential applications of these materials in the areas of catalysis, sorption, chromatography, and the construction of systems for controlled release of active compounds, as well as molecular switches, with the main focus being on PMOs.

Silica-based mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials.

The major strategies for designing surfaces that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms are reviewed. Biofouling is of great concern in numerous applications ranging from biosensors to biomedical implants and devices, and from food packaging to industrial and marine equipment. The two major approaches to combat surface fouling are based on either preventing biofoulants from attaching or degrading them. One of the key strategies for imparting adhesion resistance involves the functionalization of surfaces with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or oligo(ethylene glycol). Several alternatives to PEG-based coatings have also been designed over the past decade. While protein-resistant coatings may also resist bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation, in order to overcome the fouling-mediated risk of bacterial infection it is highly desirable to design coatings that are bactericidal. Traditional techniques involve the design of coatings that release biocidal agents, including antibiotics, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), and silver, into the surrounding aqueous environment. However, the emergence of antibiotic- and silver-resistant pathogenic strains has necessitated the development of alternative strategies. Therefore, other techniques based on the use of polycations, enzymes, nanomaterials, and photoactive agents are being investigated. With regard to marine antifouling coatings, restrictions on the use of biocide-releasing coatings have made the generation of nontoxic antifouling surfaces more important. While considerable progress has been made in the design of antifouling coatings, ongoing research in this area should result in the development of even better antifouling materials in the future.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201001215

Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms.

Review of the proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications

A new family of hyperbranched polymers with chemical bonds between the hyperbranched polyimide and polysilsesquioxane network was synthesized by the reaction of an amine-terminated aromatic hyperbranched polyimide with 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, followed by hydrolysis and polycondensation in the presence of an acid catalyst. The hyperbranched poly(imide silsesquioxane) membranes were fabricated by the casting the aforementioned polymer solution onto a NaCl optical flat, which was followed by heating at 80 °C for 24 h. The membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption and desorption, and CO2 adsorption and desorption. The presence of covalent bonds between the hyperbranched polyimide and polysilsesquioxane segments had a significant effect on the properties of the membranes. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms for these membranes showed surface areas of 6–16 m2/g, whereas CO2 adsorption–desorption isotherms showed much higher surface areas in the range of 106–127 m2/g. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3736–3743, 2003

Synthesis and characterization of novel hyperbranched poly(imide silsesquioxane) membranes

: Assignment of stoichiometry to interstitial compounds is discussed. It is shown that multiple stoichiometries can occur within the same structural framework where more than one type of interstitial opening is available. These principles are used to clarify the confusion which currently exists in the isotypic series of interstitial compounds derived from alpha boron. With respect to occupancy of interstitial sites three distinct stoichiometries can exist in this isotypic group; namely, B12 X2Y (B12X3), B12X2 and B12X. Data are presented on (1) a new form of boron carbide (B12C2), (2) a new alpha boron derivative containing interstitial aluminum (B12C2A1), (3) identification and differentiation of two boron subphosphides (B12P2 and B13P2), (4) preparation of boron subarsenide, and (5) relationship between metal dodecaborides and alpha boron derivatives. (Author)

Crystal chemistry of alpha boron derivatives.

A wire insulated with an impervious oxybenzoyl polyester coating which can be produced by drawing the wire having a porous coating through a die.

Polyester coated wire

A COMPOSITION OF MATTER COMPRISING: (A) AN OXYBENZOYL POLYESTER AND (B) A POLYFLUROINATED ADDITION POLYMER WHICH IS THERMALLY STABLE AT AT LEAST 400*F.

Compositions of matter comprising oxybenzoyl polyesters and polyfluorinated addition polymers

Integrated circuit module wherein the cap is sealed to the substrate with a liquid crystalline polyester melt containing about 25 to about 100 mole percent of recurring Units I and O to about 75 mole percent of recurring Units II wherein ##STR1## wherein each R and R2 is arylene or cycloalkylene or alkylene or alkylidene.

Sealant for integrated circuit modules, polyester suitable therefor and preparation of polyester

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