: The role of infrastructure as an engine of growth and development of coun-tries and regions is now widely accepted by scholars in the field. Among the various types of transport infrastructure, ports are considered as particularly strategic because of the in-creasing importance of maritime transport in connecting territories. In this paper we study the impact of ports on Italian provinces. To this end, we assume that sectoral employment is a function of a series of controls and of maritime traffic. We extend this framework to take account of selection bias as well, finding that the elasticity of service sector employ-ment to maritime traffic is about 0.02. Keywords : Local Development, Ports, Selection bias.jel Classification : H54, O47, C80. 1. Introduction T he provision of transport infrastructures and their relative efficiency is a fundamental factor in stimulating economic development. In par-ticular, port efficiency has been found to be of key importance in determin-ing transport costs and, hence, international trade among countries (Clark

Ports and Local Development: Evidence from Italy

Ma these intitulee « les villes-ports, laboratoires de la mondialisation » s'interesse avant tout aux principes d'organisation d'un objet geographique specifiquement multiscalaire. D'abord, une revue de la litterature en sciences sociales permet de s'apercevoir qu'il est difficile de penser la ville-port dans sa globalite malgre le fait qu'elle est un objet reel identifiable. On a plus des travaux separes sur les ports ou sur les villes littorales. Le recours a des concepts fondateurs tels que la centralite urbaine, la nodalite portuaire et la reticularite maritime permet d'apporter une synthese de travaux abondants et disperses. Il apparait que le probleme fondamental des villes-ports, en theorie, est de dependre etroitement d'une discontinuite spatiale apportee par l'interface terre-mer, ce qui a des effets morphologiques (taille demographique exceptionnelle) et fonctionnels (specialisation dans les activites de transfert). Au-dela de ces aspects classiques, le second probleme est que ces lieux suscitent et freinent les flux a la fois, les commandent et les executent, en vertu d'une insertion plus ou moins forte dans les reseaux des acteurs du transport international, qui en font leurs pivots. Le questionnement global sur les nœuds littoraux appelle une verification empirique de ce jeu complexe d'echelles, du local au mondial. La possibilite d'analyser un echantillon de 330 lieux repartis de facon homogene sur le globe, a travers quinze variables urbaines, portuaires et maritimes a cette echelle est un premier resultat scientifique. L'analyse factorielle confirme les hypotheses sur la forte hierarchie qui domine la structure mondiale des reseaux maritimes conteneurises, sur l'opposition entre centralite urbaine et reticularite maritime, entre attractivite (tertiaire) et accessibilite (nautique). Plus que la validation de principes generaux, l'analyse globale permet de mettre en valeur des regroupements regionaux aux tendances similaires, orientant l'interpretation vers celle d'espaces-mondes aux caracteristiques semblables. Le retour sur les variables initiales, par des traitements simples, permet de differentier ces espaces par un gradient de ‘cohesion' ville-port, de la desarticulation (ex : Caraibes) a l'imbrication (ex : Australasie). On voit par ailleurs que les logiques spatiales de repartition d'activites specifiques, telles que le tertiaire maritime, repondent a une logique geographique bien plus qu'a une logique economique : les facteurs de localisation des sieges sociaux ne sont pas les memes d'un espace a un autre (ex : preference urbaine, portuaire, etc.). Enfin, le retour sur une breve comparaison du Havre et de Busan (Coree du Sud) au sein de leur espace-monde est un autre moyen de mettre en lumiere l'apport d'une analyse au niveau mondial, en confrontant les resultats au travail de terrain. En conclusion, ce travail est une contribution a la mesure quantitative des mecanismes de la mondialisation a travers le cas des villes-ports. Celles-ci sont d'importants centres ou nœuds du systeme-monde est sont regies par des principes hierarchiques et d'opposition urbanite/maritimite. Or ces principes se trouvent renforces, diminues voire rendus inoperants d'un espace-monde a un autre, placant ces lieux dans une triple logique ‘globale' (reseaux mondiaux), ‘regionale' (espace geohistorique de reference englobant le national) et ‘locale' (interface).

Les villes-ports : laboratoires de la mondialisation

The inherent complexity of the port city has drawn attention from a vast number of scholars belonging to a variety of scientific fields. While a full and exhaustive review would reach beyond the scope of this chapter, it proposes evaluating the level of cohesion of port-city research through a classification of main study areas and their outcomes. Multiple definitions of the port city are both a cause and a consequence of the fragmentation of port-city research. There is a necessity refining the status of port-city research within mainstream approaches on either ports or cities.

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00551208/document

The port city in multidisciplinary analysis

Evaluating sustainability factors of green ports in China under fuzzy environment

This paper presents a methodology for the provision of a dynamic view on the economic role of ports by means of input–output analysis. The focus is on assessing the role of ports as a source of market expansion for firms located in the hinterland, particularly for export-oriented firms. Structural change in the economy is accounted for by incorporating a bi-proportional matrix adjustment technique in the general input–output framework. By assessing yearly impact changes encompassing a number of years, the outcome of the proposed methodology can serve as a decision support tool for transport policy decision makers, namely by incorporating results in predictive models making use of econometric techniques. Additionally, it allows ex-ante evaluations of port-related investments. By relying on data regularly collected by regional or national statistical offices, the proposed methodology provides a generally applicable and transparent framework for assessing the economic role of ports in their respective hinterland, while also allowing for comparisons between ports and across time. An application of the proposed methodology is illustrated by evaluating the economic significance of exports moving through the Portuguese port system.

A dynamic view of the socioeconomic significance of ports

Public Port Authorities engage in a multimedia of activities under the guise of economic development that may be only marginally linked to the disposition of frieght or passengers. The mix of economic functions is determined as a result of shifts in marine cargo throughput, competition for shorefront land with other non-water-dependent users, the level of power and control wielded by Port personnel, and the legal mandate granted to the Port Authority. These non-marine functions often play an important role both for the Port itself and for the port community, regardless of the size of the port.

Economic development and non-marine initiatives at American seaports

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Economic development and non-marine initiatives at American seaports