The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of alcohol on aggressive behavior in men and women in a laboratory setting. Participants were 526 (261 men and 265 women) healthy social drinkers between 21 and 35 years of age. They were randomly assigned to either an alcohol or a placebo group. Aggression was measured using a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm in which electric shocks are received from, and delivered to, a same gender fictitious opponent during a supposed competitive interpersonal task. Aggression was operationalized as the intensity and duration of shocks that participants administered to their "opponent." Overall, men were more aggressive than women. Alcohol increased aggression for both men and women but this effect was stronger for men. This is one of the first laboratory studies to demonstrate that alcohol increases aggression in women.

Men and women, alcohol and aggression

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529608.pdf

Education, Alcohol Use and Abuse Among Young Adults in Britain

In this article we explore the relationship between education and alcohol consumption. We examine whether the probability of abusing alcohol differs across educational groups. We use data from the British Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of one week's birth in Britain in 1970. We analysed data collected at age 34 (in 2004) and complement it with information gathered at previous sweeps. Measures of alcohol abuse include alcohol consumption above NHS guidelines, daily alcohol consumption and problem drinking. We found that higher educational attainment is associated with increased odds of daily alcohol consumption and problem drinking. The relationship is stronger for females than males. Individuals who achieved high educational test scores in childhood are at a significantly higher risk of abusing alcohol across all dimensions. Our results also suggest that educational qualifications and academic performance are associated with the probability of belonging to different typologies of alcohol consumers among women while this association is not present in the case of educational qualifications and is very weak in the case of academic performance among males.

Education, Alcohol Use and Abuse among Young Adults in Britain. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 50.

Aims: To examine the direction of causation between young people's antisocial behaviour and alcohol (mis)use in the longer and shorter term, together with their joint effects on alcohol-related trouble. Methods: A longitudinal study (2586 pupils) supplied data, allowing exploration of the causal effects of alcohol (mis)use and antisocial behaviour between ages 11 and 15, using structural equation models of longer and shorter-term relationships and joint-effects models in respect of alcohol-related trouble at age 15. This method allowed us to evaluate which of three hypotheses, described as 'disinhibition' (alcohol (mis)use causes or facilitates antisocial behaviour), 'susceptibility' (antisocial behaviour causes alcohol (mis)use) or 'reciprocal' (alcohol (mis)use causes antisocial behaviour and the reverse) receives most support, both overall and by gender, social class, and drinking context. Results: Overall, the results support the susceptibility hypothesis, particularly in the longer-term models. There is no support for 'pure' disinhibition. However, in the shorter-term and joint-effects models (i.e. as the time lag becomes shorter), there is evidence that in some gender, social class, or drinking contexts, in addition to antisocial behaviour causing alcohol (mis)use, the reverse also applies. Conclusions: Antisocial behaviour is the main predictor of alcohol (mis)use and alcohol-related trouble, with alcohol (mis)use impacting only modestly on antisocial behaviour and alcohol-related trouble in the shorter term.

A longitudinal study of alcohol use and antisocial behaviour in young people

Research has consistently documented race and gender disparities in alcohol use. In this article, I refine the “time-out” hypothesis while arguing that these longstanding disparities in use are in part due to the impact of gender and race on deviance categorization. Public drinking behaviors operate within social spaces that may or may not be hospitable to a given person's gender and/or race status. I explore how formal and informal modes of social control influence alcohol use behavior. Findings are based on semistructured interviews with 78 American Black, White, male and female college students. Grounded theory was used in the development of three themes: (a) Acute awareness of women's otherness: multiple jeopardy and the multiple standard of alcohol use; (b) the gendered violence of women's marginalization; and (c) fear of violent victimization: alcohol and the dangerous Black male. Each theme illustrates how social inequalities structure alcohol use and reactions to alcohol use differently, depending...

Raced and Gendered Reactions to the Deviance of Drunkenness: A Sociological Analysis of Race and Gender Disparities in Alcohol Use:

This paper examines the relationship between heavy drinking and aggression using quantitative and qualitative data from a Department of Health funded interview study of untreated heavy drinkers living in the largely urban English West Midlands region (n = 403). Interviews consisted of a combination of forced choice questions and semi‐structured discussion. Quantitative data showed high levels of verbal aggression, serious arguments and fights. Significant associations were found between alcohol‐related aggression, lower age, number of very heavy drinking days and lower socio‐economic status. Thematic analysis of qualitative data showed that participants considered alcohol to be heavily implicated in aggressive behaviour, but differences exist between quantitative and qualitative findings in terms of the importance of gender. Participants associated aggression with masculinity and youth, but violence involving women and domestic violence were rarely discussed.

Alcohol, gender, aggression and violence: findings from the Birmingham Untreated Heavy Drinkers Project

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Alcohol, gender, aggression and violence: findings from the Birmingham Untreated Heavy Drinkers Project