http://users.uoa.gr/~kgeorghi/files/20__fiber_di_r_production.pdf

Fiber dimensions, lignin and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production

http://users.uoa.gr/~kgeorghi/files/22__cellulos__supplements.pdf

Cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and ash content of some organic materials and their suitability for use as paper pulp supplements

Both reversible and irreversible changes take place as cellulosic fibers are manufactured into paper products one or more times. This review considers both physical and chemical changes. It is proposed that by understanding these changes one can make better use of cellulosic fibers at various stages of their life cycles, achieving a broad range of paper performance characteristics. Some of the changes that occur as a result of recycling are inherent to the fibers themselves. Other changes may result from the presence of various contaminants associated with the fibers as a result of manufacturing processes and uses. The former category includes an expected loss of swelling ability and decreased wet-flexibility, especially when kraft fibers are dried. The latter category includes effects of inks, de-inking agents, stickies, and additives used during previous cycles of papermaking.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_2_4_739_788_Hubbe_VR_RecyclingCellulosicFibers_Review/163

What happens to cellulosic fibers during papermaking and recycling? a review

This review considers research related to internal sizing agents Such chemicals, when added as emulsions or in micellar form to slurries of cellulosic fibers before paper is made, can make the product resist water and other fluids Significant progress has been achieved to elucidate the modes of action of alkylketene dimer (AKD), alkenylsuccinic anhydride (ASA), rosin products, and other sizing chemicals Recent findings generally support a traditional view that efficient hydrophobation requires that the sizing chemicals contain hydrophobic groups, that they are efficiently retained on fiber surfaces during the papermaking process, that they become well distributed on a molecular scale, and that they need to be chemically anchored A variety of studies have quantified ways in which internal sizing treatments tend to be inefficient, compared to what is theoretically possible The inefficient nature of chemical and physical processes associated with internal sizing, as well as competing reactions and some interfering or contributing factors, help to explain apparent inconsistencies between the results of some recent studies

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_02_1_106_145_Hubbe_Sizing_of_Paper_Review/37

Paper’s resistance to wetting – a review of internal sizing chemicals and their effects

Embrittlement threatens the useful lifetime of books, maps, manuscripts, and works of art on paper during storage, circulation, and display in libraries, museums, and archives. Past studies have traced much of the embrittlement to the Bronsted-acidic conditions under which printing papers have been made, especially during the period between the mid 1800s to about 1990. This article reviews measures that conservators and collection managers have taken to reduce the acidity of books and other paper-based materials, thereby decreasing the rates of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and other changes leading to embrittlement. Technical challenges include the selection of an alkaline additive, selecting and implementing a way to distribute this alkaline substance uniformly in the sheet and bound volumes, avoiding excessively high pH conditions, minimizing the rate of loss of physical properties such as resistance to folding, and avoiding any conditions that cause evident damage to the documents one is trying to preserve. Developers have achieved considerable progress, and modern librarians and researchers have many procedures from which to choose as a starting point for further developments.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_05_3_a_Baty_MMHJ_Deacidification_Paper_Review/806

Deacidification for the conservation and preservation of paper-based works: a review.

Presents the material at a level to be understood by those without a chemical, engineering, or papermaking background

Properties of paper : an introduction

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Properties of paper : an introduction