We review the application of non abelian discrete groups to the theory of neutrino masses and mixing, which is strongly suggested by the agreement of the TriBimaximal (TB) mixing pattern with experiment. After summarizing the motivation and the formalism, we discuss specific models, based on A4, S4 and other finite groups, and their phenomenological implications, including lepton flavor violating processes, leptogenesis and the extension to quarks. In alternative to TB mixing the application of discrete flavor symmetries to quark-lepton complementarity and Bimaximal Mixing (BM) is also considered.

/pdf/discrete-flavor-symmetries-and-models-of-neutrino-mixing-4ba9knxf68.pdf

Discrete Flavor Symmetries and Models of Neutrino Mixing

This paper describes the physics case for a new fixed target facility at CERN SPS. The SHiP (search for hidden particles) experiment is intended to hunt for new physics in the largely unexplored domain of very weakly interacting particles with masses below the Fermi scale, inaccessible to the LHC experiments, and to study tau neutrino physics. The same proton beam setup can be used later to look for decays of tau-leptons with lepton flavour number non-conservation, $\tau \to 3\mu $ and to search for weakly-interacting sub-GeV dark matter candidates. We discuss the evidence for physics beyond the standard model and describe interactions between new particles and four different portals—scalars, vectors, fermions or axion-like particles. We discuss motivations for different models, manifesting themselves via these interactions, and how they can be probed with the SHiP experiment and present several case studies. The prospects to search for relatively light SUSY and composite particles at SHiP are also discussed. We demonstrate that the SHiP experiment has a unique potential to discover new physics and can directly probe a number of solutions of beyond the standard model puzzles, such as neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, and inflation.

/pdf/a-facility-to-search-for-hidden-particles-at-the-cern-sps-3pxaggnjt6.pdf

A facility to search for hidden particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case.

A wealth of astronomical data indicate the presence of mass discrepancies in the Universe. The motions observed in a variety of classes of extragalactic systems exceed what can be explained by the mass visible in stars and gas. Either (i) there is a vast amount of unseen mass in some novel form — dark matter — or (ii) the data indicate a breakdown of our understanding of dynamics on the relevant scales, or (iii) both. Here, we first review a few outstanding challenges for the dark matter interpretation of mass discrepancies in galaxies, purely based on observations and independently of any alternative theoretical framework. We then show that many of these puzzling observations are predicted by one single relation — Milgrom’s law — involving an acceleration constant a0 (or a characteristic surface density Σ† = a0/G) on the order of the square-root of the cosmological constant in natural units. This relation can at present most easily be interpreted as the effect of a single universal force law resulting from a modification of Newtonian dynamics (MOND) on galactic scales. We exhaustively review the current observational successes and problems of this alternative paradigm at all astrophysical scales, and summarize the various theoretical attempts (TeVeS, GEA, BIMOND, and others) made to effectively embed this modification of Newtonian dynamics within a relativistic theory of gravity.

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND):Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions

A wealth of astronomical data indicate the presence of mass discrepancies in the Universe. The motions observed in a variety of classes of extragalactic systems exceed what can be explained by the mass visible in stars and gas. Either (i) there is a vast amount of unseen mass in some novel form - dark matter - or (ii) the data indicate a breakdown of our understanding of dynamics on the relevant scales, or (iii) both. Here, we first review a few outstanding challenges for the dark matter interpretation of mass discrepancies in galaxies, purely based on observations and independently of any alternative theoretical framework. We then show that many of these puzzling observations are predicted by one single relation - Milgrom's law - involving an acceleration constant (or a characteristic surface density) of the order of the square-root of the cosmological constant in natural units. This relation can at present most easily be interpreted as the effect of a single universal force law resulting from a modification of Newtonian dynamics (MOND) on galactic scales. We exhaustively review the current observational successes and problems of this alternative paradigm at all astrophysical scales, and summarize the various theoretical attempts (TeVeS, GEA, BIMOND, and others) made to effectively embed this modification of Newtonian dynamics within a relativistic theory of gravity.

/pdf/modified-newtonian-dynamics-mond-observational-phenomenology-2xihrhxyjk.pdf

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions

This paper describes the physics case for a new fixed target facility at CERN SPS. The SHiP (Search for Hidden Particles) experiment is intended to hunt for new physics in the largely unexplored domain of very weakly interacting particles with masses below the Fermi scale, inaccessible to the LHC experiments, and to study tau neutrino physics. The same proton beam setup can be used later to look for decays of tau-leptons with lepton flavour number non-conservation, $\tau\to 3\mu$ and to search for weakly-interacting sub-GeV dark matter candidates. We discuss the evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model and describe interactions between new particles and four different portals - scalars, vectors, fermions or axion-like particles. We discuss motivations for different models, manifesting themselves via these interactions, and how they can be probed with the SHiP experiment and present several case studies. The prospects to search for relatively light SUSY and composite particles at SHiP are also discussed. We demonstrate that the SHiP experiment has a unique potential to discover new physics and can directly probe a number of solutions of beyond the Standard Model puzzles, such as neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, and inflation

/pdf/a-facility-to-search-for-hidden-particles-at-the-cern-sps-brmu5s54o3.pdf

A facility to Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case

The various diagrams leading to neutrinoless double beta decay in the left-right symmetric model have different relative magnitudes, depending on the scale of new physics. Neutrinos acquire mass from both type I and/or type II seesaw terms, making an unambiguous analysis difficult. We study the half-life for double beta decay in the case of type II and type I dominance, in the former case including interference terms. If the heavy neutrinos of the type I seesaw model are at the TeV scale, certain processes can be enhanced. In particular, there are regions of parameter space in which the so-called λ-and η-diagrams can give sizable contributions to the half-life for the decay. We perform a detailed study of one such scenario, paying careful attention to constraints from lepton flavour violation.

Lepton number and flavour violation in TeV-scale left-right symmetric theories with large left-right mixing

The Bobs Cove Beds, a sequence of Oligocene marine sediments in the Lake Wakatipu district, are described and discussed. The sediments include breccia-conglomerates, siltstones, sandstones, and bioclastic limestones and are mainly preserved as thin fault-involved slivers along the Moonlight Fault Zone. At the type locality at Bobs Cove, the basal part of the 450 m thick sequence represents shallow marine (“shelf”) environments of deposition. The remainder of the sequence, from the limestones upwards, comprises redeposited sediment, deposited largely from mass-transport on a submarine slope leading to a deep marine flysch basin. All other known occurrences of the Bobs Cove Beds are briefly described. An occurrence of Bobs Cove Beds south of Lake Wakatipu has been relocated, and is shown to be preserved along a southern continuation of the Moonlight Fault Zone that can be traced for at least 40 km to the south. It is shown that the Moonlight Fault Zone has undergone at least three phases of movemen...

The Bobs Cove Beds and their relationship to the Moonlight Fault Zone

The addition of an A{sub 4} family symmetry and extended Higgs sector to the standard model can generate the tribimaximal mixing pattern for leptons, assuming the correct vacuum expectation value alignment of the Higgs scalars. Deviating this alignment affects the predictions for the neutrino oscillation and neutrino mass observables. An attempt is made to classify the plethora of models in the literature, with respect to the chosen A{sub 4} particle assignments. Of these models, two particularly popular examples have been analyzed for deviations from tribimaximal mixing by perturbing the vacuum expectation value alignments. The effect of perturbations on the mixing angle observables is studied. However, it is only investigation of the mass-related observables (the effective mass for neutrinoless double beta decay and the sum of masses from cosmology) that can lead to the exclusion of particular models by constraints from future data, which indicates the importance of neutrino mass in disentangling models. The models have also been tested for fine-tuning of the parameters. Furthermore, a well-known seesaw model is generalized to include additional scalars, which transform as representations of A{sub 4} not included in the original model.

Publisher's Note: Deviations from tribimaximal mixing due to the vacuum expectation value misalignment in A4 models

Kurie-plot experiments allow for neutrino-mass measurements based on kine- matics in an almost model-independent manner. A future tritium-based KATRIN-like experiment can be sensitive to light sterile neutrinos with masses below 18keV, which are among the prime candidates for warm dark matter. Here we consider such keV neutrinos in left-right symmetric extensions, i.e. coupled to right-handed currents, which allow for an enhanced contribution to beta decay even for small active-sterile mixing, without violating astrophysical X-ray constraints. The modified spectral shape is in principle distinguishable from the standard contribution — especially for sterile neutrino masses below 9keV, which can lead to a distinct peak. We compare the sensitivity to constraints from the LHC and neutrinoless double beta decay.

/pdf/sterile-neutrinos-and-right-handed-currents-in-katrin-53k5g1upjj.pdf

Sterile neutrinos and right-handed currents in KATRIN

We construct a flavor symmetry model based on the tetrahedral group A_4 in which the right-handed neutrinos from the seesaw mechanism can be both keV warm dark matter particles and eV-scale sterile neutrinos. This is achieved by giving the right-handed neutrinos appropriate charges under the same Froggatt-Nielsen symmetry responsible for the hierarchy of the charged lepton masses. We discuss the effect of next-to-leading order corrections to deviate the zeroth order tri-bimaximal mixing. Those corrections have two sources: (i) higher order seesaw terms, which are important when the seesaw particles are eV-scale, and (ii) higher-dimensional effective operators suppressed by additional powers of the cut-off scale of the theory. Whereas the mixing angles of the active neutrinos typically receive corrections of the same order, the mixing of the sterile neutrinos with the active ones is rather stable as it is connected with a hierarchy of mass scales. We also modify an effective A_4 model to incorporate keV-scale sterile neutrinos.

Sterile Neutrinos for Warm Dark Matter and the Reactor Anomaly in Flavor Symmetry Models

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