Why gamblers fail to win: A review of cognitive and neuroimaging findings in pathological gambling

Distorted Expectancy Coding in Problem Gambling: Is the Addictive in the Anticipation?

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of one semester of rhythmic aerobics or racquetball on the self-concepts of college women. In the pretest-posttest designed study 254 women completed the study; racquetball 39, rhythmic fitness 124, and control 111. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale was used to measure self-concept. An information form was completed by each subject at the pretest and post-test. The statistical methods used were analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. Significant differences were found between the rhythmic aerobics group and the control group in the areas of physical-self and self-satisfaction. Significant differences were found between the rhythmic aerobics and racquetball group in the areas of personal-self, family-self, behavior and Total Positive score. The rhythmic aerobic group had improved self-concept scores on the subscales. No significant differences were found between subjects that exercised more than twice a week and those who exercised twice or less. Problems with the exercise questions on the information forms make interpretation of the exercise results difficult. No significant differences were found at posttest between subjects . that had taken rhythmic aerobics before the semester began and those that had not taken rhythmic aerobics before. The conclusion was drawn that the gains in self-concept attributed to rhythmic aerobics were temporary. There were significant differences in the racquetball group at posttest between those subjects who had taken racquetball previously and those who had not taken racquetball before. The beginning racquetball subjects were more critical of themselves at the end of the semester. Based on the review of literature and the results of this study, the researcher concluded that rhythmic aerobics is a positive self-concept activity for college women. Although generalizing to other groups should not be made carelessly, it appears that rhythmic aerobics is a positive recreational activity for women. Further study was suggested for both rhythmic aerobics and racquetball. No conclusions were drawn concerning the racquetball subjects until further research could be done and comparisons are made to male subjects. THE EFFECT OF RACQUETBALL AND RHYTHMIC FITNESS ON THE SELF-CONCEPT OF COLLEGE WOMEN

The effect of racquetball and rhythmic fitness on the self-concept of college women

De hersenen van problematische gokkers functioneren anders dan bij mensen die niet gokverslaafd zijn. Het ‘beloningsgebied’ in hun brein is extra actief tijdens de gedachte dat ze misschien iets zouden kunnen winnen. Dit toont Ruth van Holst aan met behulp van MRI-scans van de hersenen van gokverslaafden en een controlegroep, die tijdens de scan een computerspel moesten spelen waarmee ze geld konden winnen.

/pdf/imaging-studies-in-pathological-gambling-similarities-and-33rtuusewa.pdf

Imaging studies in pathological gambling: similarities and differences with alcohol dependence

Male subjects (N = 92) between the ages of 22 and 68 were administered the Motivational Analysis Test (MAT) and a physical activity questionnaire in an attempt to determine if differences in personality characteristics could be determined for those who were physically active and those who were physically inactive. The active group numbered 33 and the inactive numbered 31 when divided according to physical activity scores. Only those who qualified by virtue of activity scores were used in the stepwise discriminant analysis. Significant differences were found on MAT variables and provided an affirmative answer to the question posed. The physically inactive group scored significantly higher on the erg fear and sentiment superego, while the active subjects scored significantly higher on the ergs mating and narcism-comfort.

Motivational Differentials among Physically Active and Inactive Mature Males as Measured by the Motivational Analysis Test

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Motivational Differentials among Physically Active and Inactive Mature Males as Measured by the Motivational Analysis Test