Given the importance of oil and gas from Russia for many European countries, the invasion of Ukraine by Russian forces in 2022 could be a turning point for energy policy in Europe. A framing in line with the clean-energy transition, however, is not a given. Here, we present early evidence on how the war has changed public policy support for policies aiming at the phase-out of fossil fuels, and for policies supporting the phase-in of clean energy alternatives. Using a population survey in Switzerland, we evaluate the changing support for different policy proposals with varying information treatments. Overall, we find strong support for clean energy policies across much of the political spectrum. Nevertheless, an interpretation of the war's ramifications in line with strengthened climate policy is by no means a given, and public support needs to be translated into policy action. 

A historical turning point? Early evidence on how the Russia-Ukraine war changes public support for clean energy policies

Dynamics of social acceptance of renewable energy: An introduction to the concept

The surge in gas prices due to the Ukrainian war has sparked a European energy crisis, triggering discussions about overhauling electricity markets. The European Commission (EC) proposes maintaining short-term electricity markets, fostering long-term Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and Contracts-for-Differences (CfDs), and permitting Member States to regulate retail prices during emergencies. This paper proposes a market design aligning with the EC’s plan while introducing additional elements to address its limitations. Notably, it advocates an enhanced reliance on CfDs tailored to the attributes of the generation technologies. This approach seeks to strike a balance by exposing technologies to short-term price signals while allocating investment risks efficiently. 

Reforming European electricity markets: Lessons from the energy crisis

Impacts, procedural processes, and local context: Rethinking the social acceptance of wind energy projects in the Netherlands

Broadening the social acceptance of wind energy – An Integrated Acceptance Model

The literature on social acceptance of wind energy has identified several important characteristics shaping the social acceptance of a planned project. These include distributional and procedural justice, as well as other project-related factors. Project characteristics do not exist in isolation and influence one another. Furthermore, social acceptance of wind energy is likely to vary geographically, due to cross-country differences. As a result, the need for more consistent cross-country comparisons has been highlighted in the literature as an important research gap. The current paper addresses this gap with the help of a large-scale cross-country analysis (N = 2003) that examines the social acceptance of wind energy projects in Switzerland, Estonia, and Ukraine through choice experiments. Our analysis shows some exploratory evidence for country-specific differences: A tradition of direct democratic decision-making might lead to placing more emphasis on procedural justice, and we also identify some early evidence for differences between individualist and collectivist countries in terms of preferences for distributional justice. However, we also find that ecological impact was the most important attribute in all three countries, and respondents tend to appreciate local ownership. We conclude that projects should be developed by local actors and remain friendly to wildlife – keeping them local and bird-friendly. 

Keep it local and bird-friendly: Exploring the social acceptance of wind energy in Switzerland, Estonia, and Ukraine

Can't buy me acceptance? Financial benefits for wind energy projects in Germany

Crowdsourcing social acceptance: Why, when and how project developers offer citizens to co-invest in wind power

A matter of acceptability? Understanding citizen investment schemes in the context of onshore wind farm development

The transformation of the energy system encounters in practice many barriers, especially in the heating sector. The main aim of this work is to uncover why it is particularly difficult to transform this sector. For this purpose, this paper analyzes the lock-in mechanisms that set path dependencies in the German heating sector. A literature review on lock-in mechanisms that occur on the local level was conducted. Five different dimensions with a total number of six lock-in mechanisms were considered. Of these, twelve manifestations were found in eleven documents that examine barriers and inertia in the local heating sector. The results indicate that the current legal framework and local organizational structure further manifest the use of natural gas and impede the use of renewable energies in heating. This work offers an insight into the specifics of lock-in mechanisms. It may be helpful for decision makers in local organizations such as public utilities and provides a basis for further research on path-dependencies in the German heating sector.

Path Dependencies in the Energy System

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