In this work, the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of antibiotics from water has been reviewed. The present concern about water has been exposed, and the main problems derived from the presence of emerging pollutants have been analyzed. Photolysis processes, ozone-based AOPs including ozonation, O3/UV, O3/H2O2, and O3/H2O2/UV, hydrogen peroxide-based methods (i.e., H2O2/UV, Fenton, Fenton-like, hetero-Fenton, and photo-Fenton), heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2/UV and TiO2/H2O2/UV systems), and sonochemical and electrooxidative AOPs have been reviewed. The main challenges and prospects of AOPs, as well as some recommendations for the improvement of AOPs aimed at the removal of antibiotics from wastewaters, are pointed out.

Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Antibiotics from Water. An Overview

Biological stability of drinking water refers to the concept of providing consumers with drinking water of same microbial quality at the tap as produced at the water treatment facility. However, uncontrolled growth of bacteria can occur during distribution in water mains and premise plumbing, and can lead to hygienic (e.g., development of opportunistic pathogens), aesthetic (e.g., deterioration of taste, odor, color) or operational (e.g., fouling or biocorrosion of pipes) problems. Drinking water contains diverse microorganisms competing for limited available nutrients for growth. Bacterial growth and interactions are regulated by factors, such as (i) type and concentration of available organic and inorganic nutrients, (ii) type and concentration of residual disinfectant, (iii) presence of predators, such as protozoa and invertebrates, (iv) environmental conditions, such as water temperature, and (v) spatial location of microorganisms (bulk water, sediment, or biofilm). Water treatment and distribution conditions in water mains and premise plumbing affect each of these factors and shape bacterial community characteristics (abundance, composition, viability) in distribution systems. Improved understanding of bacterial interactions in distribution systems and of environmental conditions impact is needed for better control of bacterial communities during drinking water production and distribution. This article reviews (i) existing knowledge on biological stability controlling factors and (ii) how these factors are affected by drinking water production and distribution conditions. In addition, (iii) the concept of biological stability is discussed in light of experience with well-established and new analytical methods, enabling high throughput analysis and in-depth characterization of bacterial communities in drinking water. We discussed, how knowledge gained from novel techniques will improve design and monitoring of water treatment and distribution systems in order to maintain good drinking water microbial quality up to consumer’s tap. A new definition and methodological approach for biological stability is proposed.

/pdf/biological-stability-of-drinking-water-controlling-factors-59p64dwvhr.pdf

Biological Stability of Drinking Water: Controlling Factors, Methods, and Challenges

The bacterial community structure of a drinking water microbiome was characterized over three seasons using 16S rRNA gene based pyrosequencing of samples obtained from source water (a mix of a groundwater and a surface water), different points in a drinking water plant operated to treat this source water, and in the associated drinking water distribution system. Even though the source water was shown to seed the drinking water microbiome, treatment process operations limit the source water's influence on the distribution system bacterial community. Rather, in this plant, filtration by dual media rapid sand filters played a primary role in shaping the distribution system bacterial community over seasonal time scales as the filters harbored a stable bacterial community that seeded the water treatment processes past filtration. Bacterial taxa that colonized the filter and sloughed off in the filter effluent were able to persist in the distribution system despite disinfection of finished water by chloramination and filter backwashing with chloraminated backwash water. Thus, filter colonization presents a possible ecological survival strategy for bacterial communities in drinking water systems, which presents an opportunity to control the drinking water microbiome by manipulating the filter microbial community. Grouping bacterial taxa based on their association with the filter helped to elucidate relationships between the abundance of bacterial groups and water quality parameters and showed that pH was the strongest regulator of the bacterial community in the sampled drinking water system.

Bacterial community structure in the drinking water microbiome is governed by filtration processes

Cl• and Cl2•– radicals contribute to the degradation of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) such as pharmaceutical and personal care products and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. However, little is k...

Rate Constants and Mechanisms of the Reactions of Cl• and Cl2•– with Trace Organic Contaminants

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118053

Ozonation of organic compounds in water and wastewater: A critical review.

Development of biomass in a drinking water granular active carbon (GAC) filter

https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag%3A14377/datastream/PDF2/Bourgin-2017-Effect_of_operational_and_water-%28accepted_version%29.pdf

Effect of operational and water quality parameters on conventional ozonation and the advanced oxidation process O 3 /H 2 O 2 : kinetics of micropollutant abatement, transformation product and bromate formation in a surface water

Oxidation of 51 micropollutants during drinking water ozonation: Formation of transformation products and their fate during biological post-filtration.

/pdf/wave21-drinking-water-for-the-21-st-century-final-report-2j07t5j1g5.pdf

Wave21. Drinking water for the 21 st century. Final report

Le charbon actif contribue plus que jamais a la potabilisation de l'eau et a la securisation de sa qualite, meme dans les lignes de production modernes (ozonation, filtrage sur charbon actif, filtration sur membranes). Son role est triple: il sert de filtre a particules, d'adsorbeur et de bioreacteur. Des essais avec de l'eau de lac demontrent que le charbon actif frais a une capacite d'elimination extraordinaire: il retient les micropolluants problematiques, et meme les residus de materiel organique naturel (MON). Ces residus organiques empeche malheureusement l'efficacite a long terme des filtres a charbon actif. Toutefois, ils offrent l'avantage d'etre bioreactifs en quelques semaines a peine, ce qui garantit la stabilite biologique de l'eau potable.

Trinkwasseraufbereitung mittels Aktivkohle : Neue Erkenntnisse

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