“Fe doped Ni–Co spinel protective coating on ferritic stainless steel for SOFC interconnect application”

Stainless steel can be used as interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) below operating temperature of 800 °C. Unwanted reactions between the alloy and other SOFC components decrease the efficiency of these energy convertors. One approach to improving interconnect properties is to apply a surface coating to them. In this study, AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel interconnect is coated in a cobalt-base pack mixture using the pack cementation method. Isothermal oxidation, cyclic oxidation and oxidation at different temperatures (400–900 °C) are applied to evaluate the role of the coating layer during oxidation. Area-specific resistance (ASR) of the coated substrates has also been tested as a function of temperature and time. The surface morphology was examined by SEM, the chemical composition and structure of oxide formed were analysed by EDS and XRD. Results showed that the coating layer transforms into MnCo2O4, CoCr2O4 and CoFe2O4 spinels during isothermal oxidation. This scale is protective and acts as an effective barrier against chromium migration into the outer oxide layer and prevents weight gain. The mass gain and spallation indicated that the formation of spinel significantly improved the high temperature oxidation. These spinels also cause a reduction in ASR for coated substrates (9.7 mΩcm2) as compared to uncoated substrates (36.1 mΩcm2) after 200 h of isothermal oxidation at 800 °C.

Oxidation and electrical behavior of AISI 430 coated with cobalt spinels for SOFC interconnect applications

Effects of chromium poisoning on the long-term oxygen exchange kinetics of the solid oxide fuel cell cathode materials La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 and Nd2NiO4

As the oxidation and chromium volatilization of chromia-forming alloy interconnects can cause Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) cathode poisoning and cell degradation, spinel coatings like Mn1.5Co1.5O4 have been applied as a barrier to oxygen and chromium diffusion. To evaluate their long-term stability, the properties of the reaction layer between the Mn1.5Co1.5O4 coating and Cr2O3 scale formed on the alloy surface need to be characterized. Therefore, compositions of Mn1.5−0.5xCo1.5−0.5xCrxO4 (x = 0–2) were prepared to investigate their electrical properties, cation distributions, and thermal expansion behavior at high temperature. With increasing Cr content in manganese cobalt spinel oxides, the cubic crystal structure is stabilized and the electrical conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion both decrease. The cation distributions determined from neutron diffraction show that Cr and Mn have stronger preference for octahedral sites in the spinel structure as compared with Co.

Electrical Properties, Cation Distributions, and Thermal Expansion of Manganese Cobalt Chromite Spinel Oxides

Effect of Ni–Mo addition on cyclic and isothermal oxidation resistance and electrical behavior of ferritic stainless steel for SOFCs interconnect

Thin elemental coatings of yttrium, cobalt, and yttrium/cobalt on ferritic stainless steel for SOFC interconnect applications

In the attempt to develop materials for interconnects of planar-type solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), the oxidation behavior and scale electrical properties of four, commercially available, ferritic stainless steels were investigated by oxidizing at 800°C for times up to 900 h in the dry and wet air environments. The growth kinetics of oxide scales were significantly deviated from the parabolic growth law, exhibiting the temporal growth exponent being much less than 0.5. Titanium addition in ferrite stainless steels was detrimental to oxidation resistance since its fast out-diffusion onto the scale surface enhanced the scale growth. For the alloys without Ti contents, the presence of water vapor in the oxidizing environment enhanced the scale growth rate, but it resulted in a drastic, microstructural change of oxide scale that consisted of Cr2MnO4 spinel and Cr2O3, which in turn lowered the area specific resistance (ASR) and the apparent activation energy for conduction.

Effect of water vapor in air on the oxidation behavior of ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnects

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Thin elemental coatings of yttrium, cobalt, and yttrium/cobalt on ferritic stainless steel for SOFC interconnect applications

Effect of water vapor in air on the oxidation behavior of ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnects