Farming triploid oysters

The history of French oyster culture consists of a succession of developmental phases using different species, followed by collapses caused by diseases. The indigenous species Ostrea edulis was replaced first with Crassostrea angulata, then C. gigas. France is now the top producer and consumer of oysters in Europe, producing around 120,000 t of the cupped oyster C. gigas annually, and an additional 15001 of the flat oyster O. edulis. Cupped oysters are produced all along the French coast from natural and hatchery spat. Various structures are used to collect spat from the wild. After a growing-on period, oysters are cultivated by three main methods: (1) on-bottom culture in the intertidal zone or in deep water, (2) off-bottom culture in plastic mesh bags in the intertidal zone, or (3) suspended culture on ropes in the open sea. The main recent development is the increasing use of hatchery oyster spat, especially triploids. Almost all oyster production is sold fresh and eaten raw straight from the ...

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History, Status, and Future of Oyster Culture in France

Genetic improvement for disease resistance in oysters: A review.

Seasonal changes in carbohydrate metabolism and its relationship with summer mortality of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) in Marennes–Oléron bay (France)

Comparative histological study of gametogenesis in diploid and triploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) reared in an estuarine farming site in France during the 2003 heatwave

Triploid oysters Crassllstrea gigas were: produced in 1990 by treating fertilized eggs with cytochalasin B (CS). Triploids, treated diploids, and controls were deployed early 1991 in a high carrying capacity ecosystem on the Eastern Coast of Normandy (France). A monthly monitoring in 1992 showed that triploids yielded significantly higher growth rate and biochemical composition. However, growth was more heterogeneous. No evidence was found for a length or weight bimodal frequency distribution within triploid groups after a 26 months rearing cycle. Triploids showed retardation of gametogenesis. Carbohydrates content in triploids remained almost constant (40%) from June to September. Their survival rates were significantly lower than controls. Moreover treated diploids were found more sensitive to environmental conditions than controls, demonstrating long term CS effect on oysters. Therefore, the method of induction should be improved to maximize triploidy and long term survival rates. We recommend further field testings to assess triploid response to stressfuI environmental conditions, particularly 10 low carrying capacity ecosystems.

Performance of triploid Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) reared in high carrying capacity ecosystem : survival, growth and proximate biochemical composition

L'ostreiculture sur la cote Ouest Cotentin a ete etudiee a partir d'estimations des stocks en elevage et de suivis de populations entre 1990 et 1992. A partir de strategies d'echantillonnages, les stocks en elevage ont ete estimes a 33 556 et 35 542 t respectivement en 1990 et 1991. Sur une production normande annuelle totalisant 34 914 tonnes, 53% a ete produit sur la cote Ouest Cotentin en 1990. Un modele global d'amenagement est propose definissant la relation entre les performances de croissance mesurees, les cheptels en elevage, le niveau d'emersion, et la distance par rapport aux principales sources d'elements nutritifs terrigenes. Pres de 80% de la variabilite du poids final est explique par ce modele regressif destine a faciliter les decisions d'amenagement et etablir des programmes de recherches complementaires

L'ostréiculture sur la côte Ouest du Cotentin

Ces travaux de recherche ont mis en evidence l'existence de terrains propices au developpement de la conchyliculture en Basse Normandie. C'est ainsi qu'en Baie des Veys, par exemple, la surface ostreicole concedee est passee de 12 ha en 1969 a 162 ha en 1989 ou que, les zones ostreicoles de Lestre, de Crasville et de Meuvaines ont ete creees de toutes pieces. Toutes les conditions etaient donc remplies pour que l'on assiste a la creation de tres nombreuses petites entreprises de production et donc a un developpement rapide de celle-ci.

La Conchyliculture en Baie des Veys

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Performance of triploid Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) reared in high carrying capacity ecosystem : survival, growth and proximate biochemical composition

L'ostréiculture sur la côte Ouest du Cotentin

La Conchyliculture en Baie des Veys