Clinical trials for identification of efficient and effective new diagnostic and treatment modalities are needed to address disproportionately high burden of communicable (e.g., HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria) and non-communicable diseases (e.g., diabetes) in developing countries. However, gross under-representation in global clinical trial platforms contributes to sustained health inequity in these countries. We reviewed the literature on barriers facing clinical researchers in developing countries for conducting clinical trials in their countries. Literature indexed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library were searched. Grey literature was also searched. Search key words included barriers, challenges, clinical trials and developing countries. Articles within the scope of this review were appraised by two reviewers. Ten studies, which are reported in 15 papers, were included in this review. Following critical review we identified five unifying themes for barriers. Barriers for conducting clinical trials included lack of financial and human capacity, ethical and regulatory system obstacles, lack of research environment, operational barriers and competing demands. There were substantial barriers at system, organization and individual level. We propose that to address this problem, instituting a system for wider implementation of local investigator-initiated trials is warranted. These trials are more applicable to local populations because they build on local healthcare knowledge. They are more demand-led, influence policy and responsive to a country’s needs because they are driven by a local or national agenda.

/pdf/barriers-for-conducting-clinical-trials-in-developing-5atogfbg8s.pdf

Barriers for conducting clinical trials in developing countries- a systematic review

This volume brings together excellent scholarship and innovative policy discussion to demonstrate the essential role of higher education in the development of Africa and of the world at large. Based on deep knowledge of the university system in several African countries, this book will reshape the debate on development in the global information economy for years to come. It should be mandatory reading for academics, policy-makers and concerned citizens, in Africa and elsewhere.” – Manuel Castells, Professor Emeritus, University of California at Berkeley, Laureate of the Holberg Prize 2012 and of the Balzan Prize 2013

/pdf/knowledge-production-and-contradictory-functions-in-african-b2njb8l4d6.pdf

Knowledge Production and Contradictory Functions in African Higher Education

We examine the ways in which the research process differs in developed and developing areas by focusing on two questions. First, is collaboration associated with productivity? Second, is access to ...

/pdf/collaboration-paradox-scientific-productivity-the-internet-2tw99pme0n.pdf

Collaboration Paradox Scientific Productivity, the Internet, and Problems of Research in Developing Areas

Bibliographic records are extensively used in the study of citations Based on ISI data, this paper examines citation patterns of the publications of South African scientists in recent years In particular, the focus of this paper is on citations as to the collaborative dimensions of South African scientists in their publications The study reveals that the number of citations received by a publication varies not only according to the collaboration but also to the types of collaboration of the authors who are involved in its production Furthermore, it emerges that the impact of citations on publications differs from discipline to discipline, and affiliating sector to sector, regardless of collaboration

Do types of collaboration change citation? Collaboration and citation patterns of South African science publications

An increasing number of developing countries are considering their highly qualified citizens living abroad as a potential asset for national development. Renewed policies are consequently designed ...

Turning Brain Drain into Brain Gain: The Colombian Experience of the Diaspora Option

A julgar pelo titulo, parece ser um livro bastante promissor, que vem ao encontro de uma reconhecida necessidade de estudos sobre a dinâmica da ciencia nos paises do Terceiro Mundo. Infelizmente, ja nas primeiras paginas, percebe-se que o titulo e inaceitavelmente pretensioso. A razao disso e que, para o tipo de estudo pretendido, e essencial que a amostra selecionada seja representativa dos cientistas dos paises em desenvolvimento, o que nao acontece aqui.

/pdf/scientists-in-the-third-world-40eu5diq49.pdf

Scientists in the Third World

This article seeks to present the main characteristics of Research and Development (R&D) in developing countries using mainly available R&D statistics and to draw some implications for the Frascati Manual methodologies and its application. The main characteristics presented include trends and concentrations, relative share of Highly Qualified Skills (HQS) abroad, R&D expenditures, impact factor and the relative importance of international collaboration. R&D statistics in developing countries are still scarce, particularly in Africa. Furthermore, they may not fully explain the characteristics of R&D in developing countries, for example, the dynamics of R&D systems, R&D practices, informal behaviours and contributions, just to mention a few. It is, therefore, argued that beyond indicators, there is a need for complementary surveys to derive, inter alia, descriptors and narratives. In the concluding part, the particular characteristics of R&D in developing countries and the resulting consequences for R&D mea...

/pdf/measuring-research-and-development-in-developing-countries-49ebvxd5xr.pdf

Measuring Research and Development in Developing Countries: Main Characteristics and Implications for the Frascati Manual

PASCAL, whose troublesome artefacts we highlight, also has its strong points (multidisciplinarity, codification of the topic of each article, better coverage of some countries). As other sources, it shows that the current decade is one of crisis in African research. However, developments are highly contrasted, depending on the discipline and the regions. To the north of Africa, the Maghreb is witnessing an unprecedented gain in power. Nigerian science is in quite the contrary situation, imploding. In the rest of Africa, classification of countries brings to evidence very striking changes in order. Basic science declines. The Agricultural and the Medical sciences are stagnating. Conversely, the Engineering sciences are growing, in particular to the North of the Sahara.

Science in Africa: A Bibliometric Panorama Using PASCAL Database

On lit souvent que la science du tiers monde ne représente pus plus de 5 % de la science mondiule. Mais est-elle véritablement si marginale? Oui, si l’on se refere aux bases de données internufionales qui recensent la production scientifique. Non, dès que l’on constate que ces bases de données sont extrêmement sélectives vis-Ù-vis des journaux scientifiques choisis. , Sur soixante-dix mille revues scientifiques, trois mille cent seulement sont utilisées, ce qui donne une imuge tres incomplete et inexucte de la purticipation des chercheurs du tiers monde Ù lu science mondiale. Dans la réalité, ces chercheurs adoptent des strutégies de publicution différentes selon les puys et les disciplines uuxquelles ils appartiennent. La publicution de résultats dans une revue locale et en langue locale releve souvent d’un choix, notamment pour faciliter leur diffusion Ù l’intérieur de la communauté nationule.

/pdf/la-science-du-tiers-monde-est-elle-visible-1cpvbtv96e.pdf

La science du Tiers-monde est-elle visible ?

Scientific research in Africa (and its impact on development) is a growing preoccupation of African decision-makers and money lenders. The recent establishment of several programmes to support research, particularly in the area of agriculture activities, is indicative of this situation. What is the current state of scientific research in Africa and what are the main factors limiting its functioning and development ? After an historical review of the African scientific apparatus, this article sets out to provide an answer to this question by analyzing the available resources, production, visibility and utility indices of science in Africa. It also reveals the existing structures and the constraints facing researchers, before tackling the fundamental issue: what are the prerequisites for the formation of autonomous scientific communities in Africa ? Keywords; Sciences, scientific research, medical research, agricultural research, science policy, researcher, aid to research, research institutions. Sub-Saharan Africa. ì

/pdf/la-recherche-scientifique-en-afrique-57adb213ik.pdf

La recherche scientifique en Afrique

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