Stochastic computing (SC), a radical rethinking of computation, defines operations on streams of random bits; it trades precision for large advantages in speed. Implementation has been thwarted, though, by the lack of an efficient means to properly decorrelate bitstreams at each logic gate in an SC circuit. This study harnesses recent advances in manipulating magnetic skyrmions to propose a technique for telegraph-signal reshuffling that is tailor-made for SC applications. Leveraging the two-dimensional diffusive character of skyrmion motion shows how useful these exotic magnetic textures can be in tackling problems that require compact, scalable, energy-efficient device architectures.

Skyrmion Gas Manipulation for Probabilistic Computing

The topologically protected magnetic spin configurations known as skyrmions offer promising applications due to their stability, mobility and localization. In this work, we emphasize how to leverage the thermally driven dynamics of an ensemble of such particles to perform computing tasks. We propose a device employing a skyrmion gas to reshuffle a random signal into an uncorrelated copy of itself. This is demonstrated by modelling the ensemble dynamics in a collective coordinate approach where skyrmion-skyrmion and skyrmion-boundary interactions are accounted for phenomenologically. Our numerical results are used to develop a proof-of-concept for an energy efficient ($\sim\mu\mathrm{W}$) device with a low area imprint ($\sim\mu\mathrm{m}^2$). Whereas its immediate application to stochastic computing circuit designs will be made apparent, we argue that its basic functionality, reminiscent of an integrate-and-fire neuron, qualifies it as a novel bio-inspired building block.

Computational micromagnetics has become an indispensable tool for the theoretical investigation of magnetic structures. Classical micromagnetics has been successfully applied to a wide range of applications including magnetic storage media, magnetic sensors, permanent magnets and more. The recent advent of spintronics devices has led to various extensions to the micromagnetic model in order to account for spin-transport effects. This article aims to give an overview over the analytical micromagnetic model as well as its numerical implementation. The main focus is put on the integration of spin-transport effects with classical micromagnetics.

/pdf/micromagnetics-and-spintronics-models-and-numerical-methods-28jmksidx5.pdf

Micromagnetics and spintronics: models and numerical methods

Domain wall memory: Physics, materials, and devices

Computational micromagnetics has become an indispensable tool for the theoretical investigation of magnetic structures. Classical micromagnetics has been successfully applied to a wide range of applications including magnetic storage media, magnetic sensors, permanent magnets and more. The recent advent of spintronics devices has lead to various extensions to the micromagnetic model in order to account for spin-transport effects. This article aims to give an overview over the analytical micromagnetic model as well as its numerical implementation. The main focus is put on the integration of spin-transport effects with classical micromagnetics.

/pdf/micromagnetics-and-spintronics-models-and-numerical-methods-aac8l3nc4n.pdf

Micromagnetics and spintronics: Models and numerical methods.

Micromagnetics is based on the one hand on a continuum approximation of exchange interactions, including boundary conditions, on the other hand on Maxwell equations in the nonpropagative (static) limit for the evaluation of the demagnetizing field. The micromagnetic energy is most often restricted to the sum of the exchange, demagnetizing or self-magnetostatic, Zeeman, and anisotropy energies. When supplemented with a time evolution equation, including field induced magnetization precession, damping and possibly additional torque sources, micromagnetics allows for a precise description of magnetization distributions within finite bodies both in space and time. Analytical solutions are, however, rarely available. Numerical micromagnetics enables the exploration of complexity in small size magnetic bodies. Finite difference methods are here applied to numerical micromagnetics in two variants for the description of both exchange interactions/boundary conditions and demagnetizing field evaluation. Accuracy in the time domain is also discussed and a simple tool provided in order to monitor time integration accuracy. A specific example involving large angle precession, domain wall motion as well as vortex/antivortex creation and annihilation allows for a fine comparison between two discretization schemes with as a net result, the necessity for mesh sizes well below the exchange length in order to reach adequate convergence.


Keywords:

micromagnetics;
finite differences;
boundary conditions;
Landau—Lifshitz—Gilbert;
magnetization dynamics;
approximation order

/pdf/numerical-micromagnetics-finite-difference-methods-4nzdcec14y.pdf

Numerical Micromagnetics: Finite Difference Methods

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Numerical Micromagnetics: Finite Difference Methods