Although the literature in peace psychology has been growing rapidly, many American psychologists are unaware of how conflict is resolved and peace is conceptualized and achieved. This article reviews the long history and broadening scope of peace psychology and introduces a model of peace that is useful for organizing the literature. The model suggests that peace can be facilitated at four different points of intervention. The authors discuss relationships between positive and negative peace, structural and direct violence, and peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding. They advance some challenges for peace psychologists and conclude that peace psychology is a crucial field for grappling with humanity's most pressing problems in the coming decades.

Peace psychology for a peaceful world.

Mediation in international relations: multiple approaches to conflict management

Throughout the world, community arts-based processes have become an essential component of peacebuilding work in societies experiencing severe conflicts. Both during a conflict and in post-conflict peacebuilding efforts, community based arts processes can be an especially effective tool to bring together identity groups through sharing common cultural experiences, raising awareness about past suffering, and engaging communities in creative projects. In this research project, the author spent fourteen months in Bosnia-Herzegovina researching the use of community arts-based peacebuilding efforts both during the war and in the post-conflict stage. This paper provides an overview the research and offers several conclusions on the role of arts in peacebuilding within Bosnia-Herzegovina with the hopes that these findings have relevance for other regions and the field in general. BIO: Craig Zelizer is completing his Ph.D. at the Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution at George Mason University and is a Program Director with the Alliance for Conflict Transformation (ACT). His areas of research/expertise include working with youth from violent conflict regions, civil society development and capacity building in transitional societies, program evaluation and design, and arts and peacebuilding. He lived and worked for over five years in several countries in Central and Southeastern Europe, including Bosnia-Herzegovina. He has studied improvisational theater and tries to incorporate artistic processes within his work. He may be contacted at czelizer@conflicttransformation.org www.conflicttransformation.org

/pdf/the-role-of-artistic-processes-in-peace-building-in-bosnia-2dvfzapb1e.pdf

The Role of Artistic Processes in Peace-Building in Bosnia-Herzegovina

This article deals with peace-building activities in the context of the intractable conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. Scores of people-to-people projects were conducted after the September 1993 signing of the Oslo peace accords, but these projects did not seem to prevent the collapse of the peace process and the re-emergence of severe violence between the sides in late September 2000. However, evidence from the field indicates that peace-building activities are still continuing. This article will describe peace-building activities both before and after September 2000, discuss their effectiveness, and define their relevance in the ongoing violent conflict between the sides.

Peace Building in Violent Conflict: Israeli-Palestinian Post-Oslo People-to-People Activities

Peacemaking and the Consultant's Role

The paper considers the nature and characteristics of peace-building as an approach to conflict. It suggests that mediation should be seen as a particularly important aspect of peace-building efforts, and one that may be used at different phases of a conflict. The paper develops a framework for analyzing the circumstances under which mediation may contribute to peace-building. The framework lays emphasis on contextual and perceptual dimensions. The paper argues that mediation, properly utilized, can achieve not just a settlement of a conflict, but facilitate, in the longer run, a full transformation of relations. Any successful program of peacebuilding requires some form of mediation.

/pdf/exploring-the-relevance-and-contribution-of-mediation-to-1jt7w05qnr.pdf

Exploring the Relevance and Contribution of Mediation to Peace-Building

This introductory article to the Special Issue of Peace and Conflict Studies asks, “are we in the ‘Age of Resistance’ in a post-9/11 world?” It is argued the concept of “resistance” may be framed in a broad theoretical context to include multiple and contested meanings by social and political actors as well as by scholars and through intellectual debate. The article questions recent ideas prevalent in fauxpolitical science studies which promote a clash of civilizations, essentialize histories, support anachronistic Orientalist-approaches, and bolster foreign policy initiatives by removing the human element. The contention is for researchers and theorists to concentrate on “invisible histories”, which reveal the less understood elements of history, social organization, and the inter-connectedness of conflict and violence across a broad range of cultures. Anthropology as a discipline demonstrates how invisible histories are revealed in multi-valent and nuanced ways of the past in the present and through the social interrelatedness of violent expressions and their analytical understanding. Beyond this, it is claimed that epistemological conceptions of nationalism may be examined on different levels through cultures, localities, and regions as contested and multiple expressions, which confront generalist and monolithic images. Partially this is explained through the notion of the “distributed” and “partible” person, as an extension of human activity, political agency, and political ideology to complementary and constituent parts of collective but detotalized wholes. To conceptualize this theory, the Basques will be utilized as exemplifying how such ideas are applicable. In all, this Special Issue of Peace and Conflict Studies will present some new approaches for comprehending our post-September 11 world, not only in our understanding of conflict but our role as conflict-resolution-specialists. Like swarms of quivering flies, which flit about the herdsman’s shippen in springtime, when the milk drowns the pails, so many were the Achaians on that plain, facing the men of Troy and eager to tear them in pieces. Homer (circa 850 B.C.?), The Illiad What a beautiful fix we are in now; peace has been declared. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) [After the Treaty of Amiens, 1802] It must be pointed out that the mere demand for disarmament is futile, so long as there are great nations who are prepared to attain their future position in the world by means of military expansion...To prepare the nations for such effective insurance of the peace, this vital problem should be clearly brought to the attention of young people. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) War is the unfolding of miscalculations. Barbara Tuchman (1912-1989). Men and nations behave wisely once they have exhausted all the other alternatives. Abba Eban (1915-2002) THE WESTERN-ISLAMIC “CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS”: THE INADVERTENT CONTRIBUTION OF THE BUSH PRESIDENCY

/pdf/peace-and-conflict-studies-23w8xtcug2.pdf

Peace and Conflict Studies

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Exploring the Relevance and Contribution of Mediation to Peace-Building

Peace and Conflict Studies