Nanofluids: Key Parameters to Enhance Thermal Conductivity and Its Applications

A review on potentials and challenges of nanolubricants as promising lubricants for electric vehicles

To deal with chaos in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM),a method of controlling chaos by employing a dynamical nonlinear feedback controller was developed to guide chaotic motion towards regular motionThe controller was an active feedback controller without affecting the original system parameters,and was piecewise-quadratic function in the form of x|x|The direct-axis or quadrate-axis stator current nonlinear feedback was used for chaos controlThis method was simple and easy to be realized with a parameter processingSimulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method and profitable conclusion was obtained

Nonlinear Feedback Control of Chaos in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Due to the unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the electrical and thermal conductivity of CNT-modified polymeric composites (CNTMPCs) can be manipulated and depend on several factors. There are many factors that affect the thermal and electrical conductivity of CNTs and CNTMPCs, such as chirality, length, type of CNTs, fabrication, surface treatment, matrix and interfacial interaction between the matrix and reinforcement (CNTs). This paper reviews the research on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the effects of some factors affecting the thermal and electrical conductivity of CNTs and CNTMPCs. First, the chirality dependence of the thermal and electrical conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was analyzed. The effect of chirality on the conductivity of short-length CNTs is greater than that of long-length CNTs, and the larger the chiral angle, the greater the conductivity of the CNTs. Furthermore, the thermal and electrical conductivity of the zigzag CNTs is smaller than that of the armchair one. Therefore, as the tube aspect ratio becomes longer and conductivity increases, while the effect of chirality on the conductivity decreases. In addition, hydrogen bonding affects the electrical and thermal conductivity of the CNTMPCs. The modeling of SWNTs shows that the thermal and electrical conductivity increases significantly with increasing overlap length. MD simulations can be effectively used to design highly conductive CNTMPCs with appropriated thermal and electrical properties. Since there are too many factors affecting the thermal and electrical conductivity of CNTMPCs, this paper only reviews the effects of limited factors on the thermal and electrical conductivity of CNTs and CNTMPCs based on MD simulations, and further detailed studies are required.

https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/4/165/pdf?version=1681703833

Review on Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Effects of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) on Electrical and Thermal Conductivities of CNT-Modified Polymeric Composites

A vehicle is disclosed having a traction battery and an electrical impedance connected by a contactor. A pre-charge circuit is disclosed that controls current flow from the traction battery through the pre-charge circuit to the electrical impedance to increase voltage at the electrical impedance such that as the voltage approaches a voltage of the traction battery, a duty cycle of the pre-charge circuit approaches a maximum value and a current through the pre-charge circuit approaches a minimum value. In response to current falling below a predetermined value, the contactor is closed. A current sensor is disclosed that is located in the pre-charge circuit. A method of operating the pre-charge circuit is disclosed.

Bus Pre-Charge Control Using a Buck Converter

Carbon nanotubes grease with high electrical conductivity

This paper presents the robust speed control law for the direct torque control of PMSM. This control law based on the H ∞ LMI technique, and it is robust for external disturbances. A new nonlinear observer is developed for rotor position estimation. Stator flux vectors and rotor speed is estimated with the estimation of rotor position. The proposed control law with nonlinear position estimation is relatively simple to implement, and less computation time is required for the calculations.

Robust Speed Control of PMSM with Nonlinear Position Observer

A regenerative variable frequency drive includes an active converter connected to an inverter. The converter has a filter capacitor, an inductor, two half bridges, bus bars that connect to the inverter and bus capacitors. The converter converts single phase AC power to DC power and DC power to single phase AC power, boosts the AC power, reduces input line harmonics, maintains input current in phase with utility voltage in order to achieve near unity power factor, and maintains constant DC voltage between the bus bars.

Regenerative variable frequency drive

A regenerative variable frequency drive includes an active converter connected to a DC bus that is connected to a first inverter that converts DC power to variable frequency, three phase AC power, and variable frequency, three phase AC power to DC power, and to a second inverter that converts DC power to three phase AC sine wave power. The converter converts single phase AC power to DC power and DC power to single phase AC power, and maintains a selected voltage on the DC bus. The converter has an active rectifier and a controller that drives the rectifier with a pulse width modulation according to a hybrid voltage switching scheme that switches the rectifier according to a unipolar voltage switching scheme through most of each cycle and switches the rectifier according to a bipolar voltage switching scheme around each zero crossing.

Regenerative variable frequency drive with auxiliary power supply

Motion detection plays a critical role in wireless body area networks (WBANs) to facilitate patients for physical rehabilitation after an injury or illness. In this paper, we develop motion sensors with new materials and apply these new sensors to monitor motions of fingers as a demonstration. The new materials are low-cost active materials for motion sensors with high compressibility and sensitivity. We design and implement a flexible two-tier WBAN system to remotely monitor and display the motion information of fingers. The system is composed of wireless sensor nodes, wireless receiver, database, Web server, and HMIs. System integration and performance demonstration are conducted. Results show that the proposed WBAN system is capable of remotely detecting finger motions. Furthermore, the proposed WBAN system can be easily extended in other applications by adopting desired sensors.

Design of Wireless Body Area Network with Motion Sensors Using New Materials

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