This report reviews the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, from the proton and nucleus structure at high energy to deconfinement and the properties of the Quark–Gluon Plasma. Emphasis is given to the lessons learnt from LHC Run 1 results, which are reviewed in a global picture with the results from SPS and RHIC at lower energies, as well as to the questions to be addressed in the future. The report covers heavy flavour and quarkonium production in proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions. This includes discussion of the effects of hot and cold strongly interacting matter, quarkonium photoproduction in nucleus–nucleus collisions and perspectives on the study of heavy flavour and quarkonium with upgrades of existing experiments and new experiments. The report results from the activity of the SaporeGravis network of the I3 Hadron Physics programme of the European Union 7
 $$\mathrm{th}$$
 Framework Programme.

/pdf/heavy-flavour-and-quarkonium-production-in-the-lhc-era-from-3mjeq7sf7i.pdf

Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton–proton to heavy-ion collisions

This report reviews the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, from the proton and nucleus structure at high energy to deconfinement and the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. Emphasis is given to the lessons learnt from LHC Run 1 results, which are reviewed in a global picture with the results from SPS and RHIC at lower energies, as well as to the questions to be addressed in the future. The report covers heavy flavour and quarkonium production in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes discussion of the effects of hot and cold strongly interacting matter, quarkonium photo-production in nucleus-nucleus collisions and perspectives on the study of heavy flavour and quarkonium with upgrades of existing experiments and new experiments. The report results from the activity of the SaporeGravis network of the I3 Hadron Physics programme of the European Union 7th Framework Programme.

/pdf/heavy-flavour-and-quarkonium-production-in-the-lhc-era-from-14reyjtbnx.pdf

Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton-proton to heavy-ion collisions

After an introduction motivating the study of quarkonium production, we review the recent developments in the phenomenology of quarkonium production in inclusive scatterings of hadrons and leptons. We naturally address data and predictions relevant for the LHC, the Tevatron, RHIC, HERA, LEP, B factories and EIC. An up-to-date discussion of the contributions from feed downs within the charmonium and bottomonium families as well as from b hadrons to charmonia is also provided. This contextualises an exhaustive overview of new observables such as the associated production along with a Standard Model boson (photon, W and Z), with another quarkonium, with another heavy quark as well as with light hadrons or jets. We address the relevance of these reactions in order to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying quarkonium production as well as the physics of multi-parton interactions, in particular the double parton scatterings. An outlook towards future studies and facilities concludes this review.

New Observables in Inclusive Production of Quarkonia

We proceed for the first time to the evaluation of the Born cross section for $J/\ensuremath{\psi}+{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$ production, namely, via $g+g\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}+{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}+g$, and show that it has a harder ${P}_{T}$ spectrum than the $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$-pair yield at the Born level. If one stuck to a comparison at the Born level, one would conclude that $J/\ensuremath{\psi}+{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$ production would surpass that of $J/\ensuremath{\psi}+J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ at large ${P}_{T}$. This is nonetheless not the case since $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$-pair production, as for single $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$, receives leading-${P}_{T}$ contributions at higher orders in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$. We also present the first evaluation of these leading-${P}_{T}$ next-to-leading order contributions. These are indeed significant for increasing ${P}_{T}$ and are of essential relevance for comparison with forthcoming data. We also compute kinematic correlations relevant for double-parton-scattering studies. Finally, we evaluate the polarization of a $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ accompanied by either an ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$ or a $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ and another light parton. These results may be of great help to understand the polarization of quarkonia produced at high energies.

Production of J / ψ + η(c) versus J / ψ + J / ψ at the LHC: importance of real α(s)(5) corrections.

We outline the many quarkonium-physics opportunities offered by a multi-purpose fixed-target experiment using the p and Pb Large Hadron Collider (LHC) beams extracted by a bent crystal. This provides an integrated luminosity of 0.5 fb−1 per year on a typical 1 cm-long target. Such an extraction mode does not alter the performance of the collider experiments at the LHC. With such a high luminosity, one can analyse quarkonium production in great details in pp, pd and pA collisions at $${\sqrt{s_{NN}}\simeq 115}$$
 GeV and at $${\sqrt{s_{NN}}\simeq 72}$$
 GeV in PbA collisions. In a typical pp (pA) run, the obtained quarkonium yields per unit of rapidity are 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than those expected at RHIC and about, respectively, 10(70) times larger than for ALICE. In PbA, they are comparable. By instrumenting the target-rapidity region, the large negative-x
 F
 domain can be accessed for the first time, greatly extending previous measurements by Hera-B and E866. Such analyses should help resolving the quarkonium-production controversies and clear the way for gluon PDF extraction via quarkonium studies. The nuclear target-species versatility provides a unique opportunity to study nuclear matter and the features of the hot and dense matter formed in PbA collisions. A polarised proton target allows the study of transverse-spin asymmetries in J/ψ and $${\Upsilon}$$
 production, providing access to the gluon and charm Sivers functions.

Quarkonium Physics at a Fixed-Target Experiment using the LHC Beams

We present a brief overview of the most relevant current issues related to quarkonium production in high energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions along with some perspectives. After reviewing recent experimental and theoretical results on quarkonium production in pp and pA collisions, we discuss the emerging field of polarisation studies. Afterwards, we report on issues related to heavy-quark production, both in pp and pA collisions, complemented by AA collisions. To put the work in broader perpectives, we emphasize the need for new observables to investigate the quarkonium production mechanisms and reiterate the qualities that make quarkonia a unique tool for many investigations in particle and nuclear physics.

Quarkonium production in high energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions

We present a brief overview of the most relevant current issues related to quarkonium production in high energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions along with some perspectives. After reviewing recent experimental and theoretical results on quarkonium production in pp and pA collisions, we discuss the emerging field of polarisation studies. Thereafter, we report on issues related to heavy-quark production, both in pp and pA collisions, complemented by AA collisions. To put the work in a broader perspective, we emphasize the need for new observables to investigate quarkonium production mechanisms and reiterate the qualities that make quarkonia a unique tool for many investigations in particle and nuclear physics.

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Quarkonium production in high energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions

Quarkonium production in high energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions