Large-scale forest scenario models are widely used to simulate the development of forests and to compare the carbon balance estimates of different countries. However, as site variability in the application area often exceeds the variability in the calibration area, model validation is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the European Forest Information Scenario model (EFISCEN). As Switzerland exhibits high spatial and climatic diversity, it was taken as a case study. The model output was compared to measured data in terms of initialization, estimation of growing stock, stand age, increment, management, and natural mortality. Comparisons were done at the country level, but also for regions and site classes. The results showed that the initialization procedure of EFISCEN works well for Switzerland. Moreover, EFISCEN accurately estimated the observed growing stock at the country level. On a regional level, major differences occurred. In particular, distribution of the harvesting amounts, mortality, and age-class distribution deviated considerably from empirical values. For future model applications, we therefore propose to define the required harvesting level not per country, but to specify it for smaller regions. Moreover, the EFISCEN simulations should be improved by refining the mortality function and by incorporating more flexibility in forest management practices.

Evaluation of a large-scale forest scenario model in heterogeneous forests: a case study for Switzerland

Comparison of Change Estimation between Four Ground-Survey Methods for Use in a Continuous Forest Inventory System

A presente pesquisa foi conduzida em povoamento de Pinus elliottii L com idade de 19 e 20 anos, sem desbaste, localizado na regiao de Itapeva, Estado de Sao Paulo O objetivo foi a comparacao da precisao entre o metodo de amostragem (area variavel) em linha (LS) e o metodo de amostragem (area fixa) com parcela circular concentrica (CCP) nas estimativas das variaveis: numero de arvores, area basal e volume, por hectare, bem como do diâmetro medio Para a realizacao desta pesquisa foram amostradas 35 unidades amostrais para cada metodo e em tres diferentes condicoes topograficas (leve-ondulada, ondulada, forte-ondulada) Os resultados demonstraram que, em sintese, para a estimativa do diâmetro medio, numero de arvores, area basal e volume, por hectare, o melhor metodo foi o da amostragem em linha (LS)

/pdf/comparacao-da-precisao-entre-os-metodos-de-amostragem-linha-440pbxf2dh.pdf

Comparação da precisão entre os métodos de amostragem linha e parcela circular concêntrica em povoamentos de Pinus elliottii

Evaluation of the European Central Bank's reactions to the recent financial crisis within the two-pillar framework

Summary This paper covers aspects of the subject which are of particular concern to the author. These are centred around: i.) assessment of the information which is required; ii.) who needs the information; and iii.) how this may best be presented. Particular emphasis is given to the presentation of information in map form, the avoidance of unnecessary data collection, and the costs involved. A case is made for matching the survey to the problem, rather than applying a standard all-embracing methodology. Detailed matters such as the detection of decay, identification of pests and diseases, and computerised data handling are not covered, but some comments are included on the use of numbered tags, British Standard 5837:1991, suitable weather conditions, competence of surveyors, and inappropriate specifications.

Tree survey and inspection: scope and presentation.

Forest inventories by unmarked permanent sample plots: instructions.

Errors in the measurement of logs.

49. Deutscher Koloproktologen-Kongress

48. Deutscher Koloproktologen-Kongress

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Forest inventories by unmarked permanent sample plots: instructions.

Errors in the measurement of logs.

49. Deutscher Koloproktologen-Kongress

48. Deutscher Koloproktologen-Kongress