The environmental cycling of mercury (Hg) can be affected by natural and anthropogenic perturbations Of particular concern is how these disruptions increase mobilization of Hg from sites and alter the formation of monomethylmercury (MeHg), a bioaccumulative form of Hg for humans and wildlife The scientific community has made significant advances in recent years in understanding the processes contributing to the risk of MeHg in the environment The objective of this paper is to synthesize the scientific understanding of how Hg cycling in the aquatic environment is influenced by landscape perturbations at the local scale, perturbations that include watershed loadings, deforestation, reservoir and wetland creation, rice production, urbanization, mining and industrial point source pollution, and remediation We focus on the major challenges associated with each type of alteration, as well as management opportunities that could lessen both MeHg levels in biota and exposure to humans For example, our understanding of approximate response times to changes in Hg inputs from various sources or landscape alterations could lead to policies that prioritize the avoidance of certain activities in the most vulnerable systems and sequestration of Hg in deep soil and sediment pools The remediation of Hg pollution from historical mining and other industries is shifting towards in situ technologies that could be less disruptive and less costly than conventional approaches Contemporary artisanal gold mining has well-documented impacts with respect to Hg; however, significant social and political challenges remain in implementing effective policies to minimize Hg use Much remains to be learned as we strive towards the meaningful application of our understanding for stakeholders, including communities living near Hg-polluted sites, environmental policy makers, and scientists and engineers tasked with developing watershed management solutions Site-specific assessments of MeHg exposure risk will require new methods to predict the impacts of anthropogenic perturbations and an understanding of the complexity of Hg cycling at the local scale

/pdf/challenges-and-opportunities-for-managing-aquatic-mercury-xhnncpkoqh.pdf

Challenges and opportunities for managing aquatic mercury pollution in altered landscapes.

Tropical Deforestation: Small Farmers and Land Clearing in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Total and methyl mercury distribution in water, sediment, plankton and fish along the Tapajós River basin in the Brazilian Amazon

Soil is the largest Hg reservoir globally. Data of Hg concentration in surface soil are fundamental to understanding environmental Hg cycling. However, present knowledge on the quantity and global ...

Climate and Vegetation As Primary Drivers for Global Mercury Storage in Surface Soil

Este artigo examina questoes sobre exposicao humana ao mercurio (Hg) e seus efeitos adversos a saude na Amazonia, com base em extensa revisao da literatura. Diferentes bioindicadores revelam uma ampla faixa de exposicao, com teores medios de Hg em cabelo acima de 15µg/g em diversas comunidades amazonicas, situando-as dentre as mais expostas no mundo atualmente. Taxas de ingestao diaria de Hg foram estimadas em alguns estudos e situam-se entre 1-2µg/kg/dia, consideravelmente acima das doses de referencia estabelecidas pela USEPA (0,1µg/kg/dia) ou pela OMS (0,23µg/kg/dia). Deficits neurocomportamentais e, em alguns casos, sinais clinicos relacionados a exposicao mercurial tem sido relatados tanto em adultos quanto em criancas de diversos paises amazonicos. Ha tambem evidencias de dano citogenetico, mudancas imunologicas e toxicidade cardiovascular. Visto que peixe e altamente nutritivo e ha diversas fontes de Hg nesta regiao, existe uma necessidade urgente de encontrar solucoes realistas e viaveis capazes de reduzir os niveis de exposicao e de risco toxico, ao mesmo tempo mantendo os habitos alimentares tradicionais, preservando a biodiversidade piscea e frutifera e melhorando a saude das populacoes desfavorecidas e afetadas.

/pdf/exposicao-humana-ao-mercurio-e-efeitos-adversos-a-saude-na-3ktom8cg0e.pdf

Exposição humana ao mercúrio e efeitos adversos à saúde na Amazônia: uma revisão

Decrease of soil fertility and release of mercury following deforestation in the Andean Amazon, Napo River Valley, Ecuador.

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Decrease of soil fertility and release of mercury following deforestation in the Andean Amazon, Napo River Valley, Ecuador.