Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that have a stimulatory impact on the growth of the gut microbes. The increase in the awareness about the correlation between the diet and gut microflora has led to advancements in the field of prebiotics. Owing to the various health benefits and other characteristics, these biomolecules have the potential in food and pharmaceutical sectors. As low quantities of prebiotics are present in natural sources, attempts are being made for the production of prebiotics at industrial level in order to meet the growing demands of the consumers. Biomolecules are synthesized by the catalytic action of various enzymes using different substrates, preferably sugars. Different strategies such as whole cells, crude enzyme, and immobilized cells/enzymes have been explored for the production of prebiotics. As these biomolecules have varied health applications, several techniques have also been explored to obtain these valued biomolecules with high purity. In this chapter, the various facets of enzymatic production strategies of biomolecules have been discussed along with their downstream processing techniques and the worldwide status of these prebiotics.

Enzyme systems for high-value biomolecule production

Publisher Summary The most suitable mobile phases for carbon column chromatography are water and aqueous alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n -butanol, and 2-butanol Taylor and Whelan reported that the pH of the eluting medium has a considerable effect on the manner in which sugars emerge from the column Nonpolar mono- and oligo-saccharides appear as sharper bands when the mobile phase is acidic than when it is neutral Many adsorbents have been used for the adsorption chromatography of sugars and their derivatives in the past three decades: charcoal, silica gel, alumina, Fuller's earth clays, calcium acid silicate, hydrated magnesium acid silicate, freshly precipitated calcium carbonate, etc (Binkley) Nowadays, chromatography on ion-exchange resins and gel permeation chromatography are of major interest and only the first three of the above adsorbents have retained their importance Chromatography on alumina is, in practice, not very different from the procedures used in for silica gel In comparison with silica gel, the chemical reactions of solutes on alumina columns occur more frequently In practice, there is always some partition effect owing to the partial solubility or adsorption of the compound in the resin matrix, and molecular sieve effects cannot be neglected

Chapter 22 Carbohydrates

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Chapter 22 Carbohydrates