This invention discloses a method and a system for measuring mechanical properties of a solid material using standard ultrasonic wave modes characterized in the solid material which forms the wave guide encased a fluid media, particularly at high temperatures, with an ultrasonic transducer placed at one end of a wave guide and to generate multiple wave modes which travel in different path alongwith the length and reflected a set of corresponding sensors for detecting the amplitude and time of flights, and a processor means to analyze with the detected signals.

A novel waveguide technique for the simultaneous measurement of temperature dependent properties of materials

Viscosity measurements of melts at high temperatures using ultrasonic guided waves

The spatial resolution of high-frequency ultrasound (HFU, >;20 MHz) imaging systems is usually determined using wires perpendicular to the beam. Recently, two tissue-mimicking phantoms (TMPs) were developed to estimate three-dimensional (3-D) resolution. Each TMP consists of nine 1-cm-wide slabs of tissue-mimicking material containing randomly distributed anechoic spheres. All anechoic spheres in one slab have the same dimensions, and their diameter is increased from 0.1 mm in the first slab to 1.09 mm in the last. The scattering background for one set of slabs was fabricated using 3.5-μm glass beads; the second set used 6.4-μm glass beads. The ability of a HFU system to detect these spheres against a speckle background provides a realistic estimation of its 3-D spatial resolution. In the present study, these TMPs were used with HFU systems using single-element transducers, linear arrays, and annular arrays. The TMPs were immersed in water and each slab was scanned using two commercial imaging systems and a custom HFU system based on a 5-element annular array. The annular array had a nominal center frequency of 40 MHz, a focal length of 12 mm, and a total aperture of 6 mm. A synthetic-focusing algorithm was used to form images with an increased depth-of-field. The penetration depth was increased by using a linear-chirp signal spanning 15 to 65 MHz over 4 μs. Results obtained with the custom system were compared with those of the commercial systems (40-MHz probes) in terms of sphere detection, i.e., 3-D spatial resolution, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Resulting B-mode images indicated that only the linear-array transducer failed to clearly resolve the 0.2-mm spheres, which showed that the 3-D spatial resolution of the single-element and annulararray transducers was superior to that of the linear array. The single-element transducer could only detect these spheres over a narrow 1.5 mm depth-of-field, whereas the annular array was able to detect them to depths of at least 7 mm. For any size of the anechoic spheres, the annular array excited by a chirp-coded signal provided images of the highest contrast, with a maximum CNR of 1.8 at the focus, compared with 1.3 when using impulse excitation and 1.6 with the single-element transducer and linear array. This imaging configuration also provided CNRs above 1.2 over a wide depth range of 8 mm, whereas CNRs would quickly drop below 1 outside the focal zone of the other configurations.

Characterization of the spatial resolution of different high-frequency imaging systems using a novel anechoic-sphere phantom

This work presents the implementation of the ultrasonic shear reflectance method for viscosity measurement of Newtonian liquids using wave mode conversion from longitudinal to shear waves and vice versa. The method is based on the measurement of the complex reflection coefficient (magnitude and phase) at a solid-liquid interface. The implemented measurement cell is composed of an ultrasonic transducer, a water buffer, an aluminum prism, a PMMA buffer rod, and a sample chamber. Viscosity measurements were made in the range from 1 to 3.5 MHz for olive oil and for automotive oils (SAE 40, 90, and 250) at 15 and 22.5degC, respectively. Moreover, olive oil and corn oil measurements were conducted in the range from 15 to 30degC at 3.5 and 2.25 MHz, respectively. The ultrasonic measurements, in the case of the less viscous liquids, agree with the results provided by a rotational viscometer, showing Newtonian behavior. In the case of the more viscous liquids, a significant difference was obtained, showing a clear non-Newtonian behavior that cannot be described by the Kelvin-Voigt model.

Viscosity measurement of Newtonian liquids using the complex reflection coefficient

This paper reports the feasibility of using an ultrasonic waveguide sensor for distributed temperature measurement in two different case studies, that is: 1) skin temperature of a solid structure (pipe) and 2) fluid (water). This technique improves upon the conventional multiple thermocouples approach for multi-level temperature measurements. The range of temperatures is from room temperature to maximum utility temperature for the two case studies (85 °C for water and 200 °C for pipe). Using the interaction of the propagating ultrasonic waves in a thin rodlike waveguide with intentionally designed geometric discontinuities (bends, axisymmetric, non-axisymmetric notches, and so on), the localized information on the temperature is extracted. An ultrasonic technique for accurate temperature measurement by tracking the time-of-flight of reflected guided wave modes from appropriately spaced notch reflectors is therefore proposed here, while using the reflection from a bend is used as a reference. Using a finite element model approach, the notch size and/or the bend radius were selected in order to reduce mode conversion effects as well as to obtain uniform amplitudes of the reflected signals from these designed discontinuities. The numerical results were experimentally validated for the L(0,1) wave mode using a stainless steel waveguide sensor. This paper is of interest to industrial applications including mould cooling jacket temperature monitoring during the steel manufacturing process as well as for furnace wall temperature measurements in petrochemical industries.

Ultrasonic Waveguide-Based Multi-Level Temperature Sensor for Confined Space Measurements

The theoretical basis for a testing tool in the form of a circular waveguide for measuring both the dynamic viscosity and the longitudinal bulk velocity of viscous liquids is presented. It is based on the measurements of the attenuation of the fundamental torsional mode, T(0,1), and the fundamental longitudinal mode, L(0,1), of the waveguide when immersed in the liquid. The modeling techniques to extract the shear viscosity and the longitudinal bulk velocity are explained and experimentally verified. Results for two viscous liquids are presented: good agreement between theory and experiment was obtained.

Measurement of the material properties of viscous liquids using ultrasonic guided waves

We present experiments with a rolling multichannel microphone array where measurements can be taken continuously while moving. Leaky air-coupled surface waves are measured with ordinary non-directional audio microphones. Results show that microphones can be successfully used to produce a realistic phase velocity spectrum even while moving along the surface. The paper presents some theoretical background along with initial experimental results using the moving microphone array.

Non-contact Surface Wave Testing While Moving

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Measurement of the material properties of viscous liquids using ultrasonic guided waves

Non-contact Surface Wave Testing While Moving