▪ Abstract We provide an overview of the present understanding of the transition from hadrons to a quark-gluon plasma, its signatures, and the experimental results so far. We discuss results of numerical simulations of the lattice gauge theory and critically evaluate the various observables that have been proposed as signatures of the QCD phase transition. We place the existing data from relativistic heavy-ion experiments at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) into perspective and provide an overview of the techniques and strategies that will be employed in the search for the quark-gluon plasma at heavy-ion colliders, such as the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

http://cds.cern.ch/record/295684/files/9602235.pdf

The search for the quark-gluon plasma

We provide an overview of the present understanding of the transition from hadrons to a quark-gluon plasma, its signatures, and the experimental results so far. We discuss results of numerical simulations of the lattice gauge theory and critically evaluate the various observables that have been proposed as signatures of the QCD phase transition. We place the existing data from relativistic heavy ion experiments at the Brookhaven AGS and CERN SPS into perspective and provide an overview of the techniques and strategies that will be employed in the search for the quark-gluon plasma at heavy ion colliders, such as RHIC and the LHC.

The Search for the Quark-Gluon Plasma

Proton and deuteron distributions from 11.6A GeV/c Au + Au collisions measured by the E802 Collaboration in experiment E-866 are presented. The invariant yield of protons and deuterons is studied as a function of the transverse mass for different cuts of rapidity and centrality. At low mt−m0 the proton and deuteron invariant spectra deviate from a single exponential shape. The average mt as function of centrality and rapidity is used to explore the effect of collective transverse flow in the reaction. The ratio of the deuteron to squared proton yield as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity, and centrality is used to probe the coalescence model of deuteron production. This ratio is constant as a function of rapidity only for the most central cuts and decreases with the centrality for every rapidity cut. The ratio of the differential cross section of the deuteron to the squared differential cross section of the proton, for the most central cut, is not constant as a function of mt−m0.

Proton and deuteron production in Au+Au reactions at 11.6A GeV/c

An excitation function of proton rapidity distributions for different centralities is reported from AGS Experiment E917 for Au+Au collisions at 6, 8, and 108GeV/nucleon The rapidity distributions from peripheral collisions have a valley at midrapidity which smoothly change to distributions that display a broad peak at midrapidity for central collisions The mean rapidity loss increases with increasing beam energy, whereas the fraction of protons consistent with isotropic emission from a stationary source at midrapidity decreases with increasing beam energy The data suggest that the stopping is substantially less than complete at these energies

https://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-ex/0003007.pdf

Baryon rapidity loss in relativistic Au + Au collisions

Excitation functions in central Au+Au collisions from SIS/GSI to AGS/Brookhaven

https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc743027/m2/1/high_res_d/80356.pdf

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