The majority of States own high-speed devices for measuring longitudinal road profiles that are potentially rich in information about the pavement surface condition. The primary objective of this research was to advance the state of practice for extracting this information. A secondary objective was to assist users in resolving common measurement errors. Vast amounts of measured profile data were acquired to evaluate various analysis methods in terms of their usefulness and validity when applied to profiles obtained from different types of instruments. Methods for determining an index called Rideability Number (RN) were studied in detail. A practical algorithm was developed for computing RN without bias from profiles obtained from a variety of equipment, with the exception of those that use ultrasonic sensors. Other analyses studied in the project include the International Roughness Index (IRI), power spectral density (PSD), high-pass filters, and cross correlation. The research was coordinated with activities of the Road Profiler User Group (RPUG). A critical problem facing road profiler users is a lack of knowledge involving the technology. Accordingly, a 2 1/2 day course on profile measurement and analysis was prepared, along with the first draft of a companion document called "The Little Book of Profiling". The course introduces new users to the basics of what profilers are, how they work, and what can be done with their data. A user-friendly profile analysis software package called RoadRuf was developed that includes many profile analysis methods. The software had been provided to participating States, and is available on the Internet.

Interpretation of road roughness profile data

Genetic algorithm-based optimum vehicle suspension design using minimum dynamic pavement load as a design criterion

SUMMARY Two strategies are investigated for controlling a semi-active damper to track a prescribed force demand signal: (i) ‘open loop’ control, using a model of the damping force versus velocity characteristics; and (ii) force feedback (closed loop) control. The damping characteristics and switching transients of a prototype damper were measured, and used to develop a mathematical model of the dynamics of the damper. The two control strategies were investigated using an idealised (constant velocity) test. Their performance was also simulated and measured under realistic operating conditions using the Hardware-in-the-Loop testing method. Open loop damper control was generally found to give superior performance to force feedback control, due to its smaller phase lag at high frequencies.

Force Control of a Semi-Active Damper

Study on ride comfort of tractor with tandem suspension based on multi-body system dynamics

This paper investigates the effects of vehicle parameters, speed, and surface roughness on the power spectral density ~PSD! of stochastic pavement loads. Pavement surface roughness is modeled as a zero-mean stationary random field. A quarter-vehicle model is established to simulate the vibrations of heavy and passenger vehicles with typical parameters. Tire damping is also included in the consideration of stochastic pavement loads; this was assumed to be zero in many previous investigations. The PSD roughness proposed by the ISO is adopted in the simulation of the loads. An important indicator of the stochastic loads, the so-called energy cumulative distribution function, is introduced to describe the frequency distribution of load energy. The results show that passenger vehicles produce more high-frequency loads than heavy vehicles, while more of the loads generated by heavy vehicle are primarily distributed in the low-frequency region. It is also found that the effect of tire damping on stochastic pavement loads is not negligible especially if the loads of interest are concentrated in the high-frequency region. The results of the study may be useful in optimum design of vehicle suspensions and prediction of dynamic pavement response.

Spectral Analysis and Parametric Study of Stochastic Pavement Loads

Effects of heavy vehicle characteristics on pavement response and performance: phase 1

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Effects of heavy vehicle characteristics on pavement response and performance: phase 1