Hoof trimming is necessary for conformation and health of cattle. It is performed to prevent hoof lesions and maintenance the symmetry and shape of claw. At the same time it is a stress factor in dairy cattle. The aim of the study was to investigate the stress effects of hoof trimming on milk yield in healthy dairy cattle. Twenty Simmental dairy cattle were used as material. Functional hoof trimming was performed for all cattle. Dairy milk yield was measured before and after hoof trimming period. There were personal increases and decreases of milk yield recorded in animals. However, these increase and decrease were not statistically significant. As a result of this study hoof trimming is necessary for claw health and prevention for foot diseases. In healthy dairy cattle it causes stress and to decreases in milk yield. On the other hand the hoof trimming time, environmental factors such as flooring system and management style, and the animal related factors such as lactation period and stage, number of milking, breed and age affect the milk yield with hoof trimming positively or negatively. Keywords : Cattle, Dairy, Hoof, Milk, Simmental DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/5-5-07

/pdf/the-effect-of-hoof-trimming-on-milk-yield-in-dairy-cattle-575qzfzwr0.pdf

The Effect of Hoof Trimming on Milk Yield in Dairy Cattle

Still today lameness represents a major health problem in many dairy farms with prevalences ranging from 0 to 70%; mean prevalence rates of about 36% were reported by many authors. Unfortunately, the lameness prevalence is highly underestimated by farmers. An acceptable lameness prevalence in dairy herds regarding ethical and economical considerations is 5% to maximal 10%. Lameness continues to be one of the largest economic drains on dairy farming and is one of the three most common reason for culling, preceded by reproductive failure and mastitis. Lameness results in direct loss via culling as well as indirect loss via decreased production of milk, milk fat and protein, reproductive failure, prolonged calving interval, extra labor of the dairy farmer and the foot trimmer, extra visits of the veterinarian, treatment costs and costs for discarded milk.

https://periodicos.pucpr.br/cienciaanimal/article/download/16818/17637

Surgical treatment in deep digital sepsis in cattle – Claw preserving methods and claw amputation

Claw horn disruption lesions (CHDLs: sole haemorrhage, sole ulcer and white line disease) cause a large proportion of lameness in dairy cattle and have a high rate of recurrence, yet their aetiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. Untreated CHDLs appear to be associated with trauma within and damage to the internal anatomy of the foot. Chapter 2 explored associations between abnormal bone modelling on the flexor tuberosity of the distal phalanx of cull cows and lameness during life, using a retrospective cohort study design. The hind claws of 72 Holstein dairy cows culled from a research herd were imaged using μ-computed tomography (CT) and lameness and lesion incidence data were available on cows throughout life. Four measures of bone modelling were taken from CT images from the flexor tuberosity of each distal phalanx, in plantar, distal and dorsal planes, and combined within claw. Bone modelling was greater in older cows, in cows with history of CHDL and in cows that had been lame at an increased proportion of locomotion scores during the 12 months preceding slaughter. Further, histological study demonstrated that the bone modelling resembled heterotopic ossification, also termed osteoma, which could have been due to either inappropriate force transfer through the distal phalanx or pathology in the soft tissues with lesion presence. Anatomical damage within the foot does appear to be associated with lameness and CHDLs, and may further predispose lameness.

Preventing lameness constitutes a critical component of lameness control, and prophylactic foot trimming is a common management strategy for maintaining claw structure and function. However, over-trimming can cause damage to the foot architecture and lameness. Step 1 of the widely used Dutch Method of foot trimming states to cut the dorsal wall of the hoof to 75 mm. A vertical 5 mm step is left at the toe, therefore based on these recommendations, dorsal wall length would be 82 mm if the toe were trimmed to a point and the dorsal wall extended to the floor (at a toe angle of 50°). Chapter 3 used the CT data to assess the minimum dorsal wall length that would be suitable for trimming each claw. The median length was 76 mm (83 if the toe were trimmed to a point) and ranged from 59 to 86 mm; trimming all claws to 75 mm would have over-trimmed 55 % of claws. In a linear regression model, minimum dorsal wall length increased with age and carcass weight; older and larger cows had bigger claws. However, the vast majority of variation in claw length remained unexplained (only 22 % of the null variance was explained). In order to minimise the number of claws that are over-trimmed, recommendations for foot trimming dimensions should be based on the proportion of claws for which a measurement is suitable, rather than on population means. The minimum lengths that would have been suitable for all claws were 93 mm for cows aged ≥4 years and 86 for cows aged <4 years; 7 mm could be taken from these measurements if a step is left at the toe. 

CHDLs appear to initially occur through trauma to the germinal epithelium of the sole, and Chapters 4, 5 and 6 present a longitudinal study of how the sole soft tissues (SST; i.e. the digital cushion and corium) alter throughout lactation. The digital cushion is a modified layer of the subcutis that is situated beneath the plantar and distal aspects of the distal phalanx and is considered to be important in dissipating forces during foot strike and to protect the germinal epithelium. The digital cushion contains depots of adipose tissue and recent work has identified that body condition loss is a risk factor for lameness. Previous work found that fatter cows had thicker SST and suggested that fat could be mobilized from the digital cushion and causes it to have decreased biomechanical function. The prospective cohort study assessed the SST of 179 parity 1, 2 3 or 4 cows at 5 assessment points, between 8 weeks pre- and 29 weeks post-calving of one lactation. Lesions present on claws and measures of body fat were recorded at each assessment point, and mobility scoring was performed fortnightly from calving. SST thickness at two sites beneath the distal phalanx were used as outcomes in 4-level mixed effects linear regression models (Chapter 5), and was positively correlated with back fat thickness. However, the effect size was much smaller than reported in previous cross-sectional work and only apparent under some circumstance. SST was thicker when a sole ulcer was present on a claw and was thinner immediately after calving (during the 4-10 days post-calving). The final model left 61 % of the null variance unexplained, of which 48 % remained between repeated measures of the same claw at different assessment points.

Chapter 6 presents a series of logistic regression models of survival to first lesion or to first lameness (repeated lameness events were initially tested, but models were discarded due to the high rates of recurrence of both lameness and lesions). Lesion models demonstrate that claws were more likely to develop a lesion if SST was thin, and there was an additional effect of having thin back fat (all animals) or having lost back fat between previous assessment points (parity >1 animals only). Lameness models demonstrated that thin SST on the lateral claw increased the odds of a leg becoming lame, but SST on the medial claw had no effect on lameness. Change in SST thickness did not predispose lesions or lameness; only absolute thinness did. The work suggests that whilst loss of body condition loss may be one variable that contributes towards thinning of SST and subsequent claw horn disruption, many other variables also had a large effect on SST thickness, CHDL and lameness.

This thesis presents a sequence of studies of how the anatomy of the foot is related to CHDL incidence, addressing recurrent lameness, mechanisms for the onset of new lameness and the appropriateness of prophylactic foot trimming guidelines as a management tool for lameness. The research literature is deficient in work demonstrating beneficial effects of interventions on lameness, and work throughout this thesis provides novel insights into the aetiopathogenesis of the claw horn disruption lesions. Based on this work, targeted interventions to reduce lameness can be tested.

Involvement of the digital cushion and the distal phalanx in the development and reoccurrence of claw horn disruption lesions in dairy cattle

http://agro.icm.edu.pl/agro/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-659cbf5c-376c-4278-aa16-465cb5e097e3/c/VI_Teter.pdf

Lokomocja i schorzenia racic u krów w pierwszym roku użytkowania w oborze rusztowej

Incidence and prevalence of lameness and their relationship to milk yield in high-yielding cows Summary The aim of this study was to present, on the basis of results of the conducted research, associations of clinical lameness with milk yield in cows Lameness in dairy cows is an important disease with a multifactorial etiology and represents one of the three most common health problems, after infertility and mastits Currently it is the reason for an increasing risk of culling in dairy cows, especially in high yielding herds The incidence of lameness was from 21% to 50% per 100 cows Some studies indicated that the incidence of lameness increases with lactation rank, while others do not state a significant effect of parity on lameness incidence The prevalence of lameness ranged from 5% to 246% The main factors influencing the prevalence of lameness in dairy cows include calendar season of the year, comfort of stalls, hoof trimming frequency and the presence of concrete floors The main causes of diagnosed lameness include sole ulcers (SU), white line diseases (WLD), interdigital necrobacillosis (IN) and digital dermatitis (DD) Results reported in literature indicate consider- able differences in the incidence of clinical lameness (CL) in dairy cows, from 21 to 50% This is associated with difficulties in its definition and identification in cows Many authors reported that CL is associated with decreased milk production by lame cows, especially in the initial period of lactation Some data indicate a reduced milk yield through lactation in clinically lame high-yielding cows, amounting to 574 for SU and 369 kg for WLD Cows culled due to foot disorders had daily milk, fat and protein yields significantly lower by 113, 141, and 164%, respectively Other authors found no association between lameness and milk yield, while some are of the opinion that this relationship occurs only during mid- and late lactation Several authors reported that the effect of claw and limb disorders on milk yield is not direct, since many factors influence milk production, eg feeding routine and nutrition The use of different statistical analyses in the elaboration of data may lead to different results

Incidence and prevalence of lameness and their relationship to milk yield in high-yielding cows

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

J. Olechnowicz

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Incidence and prevalence of lameness and their relationship to milk yield in high-yielding cows