We study relations between the X-ray luminosity, orbital period and absolute near-infrared magnitude of persistent low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We show that often optical and near-infrared spectral energy distribution of LMXBs can be adequately described by a simple model of an accretion disc and a secondary star reprocessing X-ray emission of a central compact object. This gives us an evidence that using an X-ray luminosity and an absolute infrared magnitude of a persistent LMXB one can make reliable estimate of its orbital period. Using a sample of well-known LMXBs, we have constructed a correlation of L_X, P_orb and M_K values which can be approximated by a straight line with the RMS scatter at the level of ~0.3 mag. Such a correlation, being to some extent an analogous to the correlation, found by van Paradijs & McClintock 1994, might be helpful for future population studies especially in the light of forthcoming surveys of the Galaxy in X-ray and infrared spectral domains.

Period--luminosity relation for persistent LMXBs in the near-infrared

We present results of a detailed study of X-ray flaring in the Z-track source Sco X-1 in a highly super-Eddington state made using high quality Rossi-XTE data from the PCA and HEXTE instruments. The emission model successfully used to explain the dipping LMXB, and other classes of LMXB in recent years, was applied to study the physical evolution along the Z-track which remains a major problem. This model consists of blackbody emission from the neutron star plus Comptonized emission from an extended accretion disk corona. As found in earlier work, major changes take place in the neutron star blackbody emission with kT increasing in flaring, and the blackbody radius R_BB increasing substantially to a maximum value of 9.4 +/- 0.6 km, consistent with the radius of the neutron star, after which R_BB decreases. Thus this result is a measurement of neutron star radius. The behaviour of Sco X-1 in flaring is compared with our previous results for the strong flaring that takes place in the bright dipping, flaring LMXB X 1624-490. Remarkably, during movement along the Normal Branch towards the apex with the Flaring Branch, the luminosities of both spectral components decrease, suggesting the possibility that Mdot may decrease on the Normal Branch, contrary to the widely-held view that Mdot increases monotonically along the Z-track. During flaring, we detect for the first time an increase of the Comptonization cut-off energy which may suggest heating of the ADC plasma by the neutron star flare. The energy of a broad Gaussian line at 6.4 keV does not change, but the intensity of the line increases in flaring suggesting either an increase in ADC size in flaring or the effects of irradiation by the neutron star.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0305466.pdf

Physical changes during Z-track movement in Sco X-1 on the flaring branch

Sco X-1 is the archetypal low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) and the brightest persistent extra-solar X-ray source in the sky. It was included in the K2 Campaign 2 field and was observed continuously for 71 days with 1 minute time resolution. In this paper we report these results and underline the potential of K2 for similar observations of other accreting compact binaries. We reconfirm that Sco X-1 shows a bimodal distribution of optical "high" and "low" states and rapid transitions between them on timescales less than 3 hours (or 0.15 orbits). We also find evidence that this behaviour has a typical systemic timescale of 4.8 days, which we interpret as a possible disc precession period in the system. Finally, we confirm the complex optical vs. X-ray correlation/anticorrelation behaviour for "high" and "low" optical states respectively.

K2 and MAXI observations of Sco X-1 – evidence for disc precession?

K2 and MAXI observations of Sco X-1 - Evidence for disc precession?

Optical observations of Sco X-1 with exposure times around 0.5 s were performed with the 1.56 m telescope of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory in 2008. With these observations, we studied the fluctuation of the optical flux on three short timescales (5, 10, 100 s). We found that the standard deviations of fluctuations on these three timescales differ from those of Gaussian distributions by 7 Sigma, 5 Sigma and 3 Sigma, respectively. The result suggests that the variations in the intensity on these short timescales differ from pure statistical fluctuations, which, we suggest, is due to the intrinsic variability in the optical emission.

Optical observations of Scorpius X-1 in 2008: Evidence of rapid variability

The emission from low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) arises from the accretion of mass onto a neutron star or black hole. A knowledge of the amount of mass being accreted as well as changes in this value are therefore essential inputs into models of these systems. Despite the need for this information, we currently lack an easily applied method that allows the accretion rate to be measured. X-ray color-color plots and UV observations can be used for this purpose, but these methods require access to oversubscribed satellites. Even if time is granted on these facilities, there is no guarantee that the source will be in a desired state when the observations take place. In this paper we show that an estimate of the ratio of the mass accretion rate to the Eddington rate can be obtained for Sco X-1 by using the Johnson B magnitude. Based on correlated X-ray and ground-based observations, we find that for Sco X-1, /E = -(0.123 ± 0.007)B + 2.543 ± 0.085. This relation is valid when the system is on its normal and lower flaring branches. Based on theoretical models, we suggest that similar relations should also exist for other LMXBs.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/428640/pdf

Monitoring the Mass Accretion Rate in Scorpius X-1 Using the Optical Johnson B Filter

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Monitoring the Mass Accretion Rate in Scorpius X-1 Using the Optical Johnson B Filter