Design and operating considerations for a shell-and-plate, moving packed-bed, particle-to-sCO2 heat exchanger

Numerical study on gravity-driven granular flow around tube out-wall: Effect of tube inclination on the heat transfer

Large amounts of high-temperature solid granular (HTSG) materials, for example iron-ore sinters, cement, coke and slags are produced throughout the world in metallurgy and building materials industries, where as 4.29 billion tons in China, 0.49 billion tons in India and 0.24 billion tons in United States per annum. Those activities are very energy intensive, and therefore the implementation of waste heat recovery technologies would have great potential to make contributions to the reductions of primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in the longer term. In the community of HTSG waste heat recovery in metallurgy and building materials industries, there are two critical features: wide partice size range and wide temperature range. This work aims at reviewing progress on the key fundamental nature, advanced technologies and future issues in waste heat recovery from HTSG materials. The configurations and limitations of current waste heat recovery techniques depending on solid particle size are addressed. In particular, a new waste heat recovery device for solid particles consisting of powder and lump materials is discussed. Additionally, the available multi temperature stages heat recovery techniques, combined usage of different heat recovery manners, and development of compact heat exchangers are critiqued. The available techniques to minimize the negative impacts of HTSG property variations during rapid temperature change are introduced. The key findings of this review provide avenues to promote the development of novel waste heat recovery technologies which is helpful to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emission.

Waste heat recovery from high-temperature solid granular materials: Energy challenges and opportunities

A Moving Bed Heat Exchanger for heat extraction from solar heated granular materials is investigated with respect to flow behaviour. To overcome limitations of existing empirical models, a numerical CFD model is established and parametrised with the help of experiments. Parametric studies are performed to quantify the effect of inlet velocities on the velocity field. A good agreement with an empirical model is found. Also, a comparison with PIV measurements confirms its validity, making it a solid basis for future design work.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/395/1/012055/pdf

Theoretical and experimental investigation of a Moving Bed Heat Exchanger for Solar Central Receiver Power Plants

Technologies and fundamentals of waste heat recovery from high-temperature solid granular materials

The indirect heat transfer of steam-heated tube bundles in a moving bed has been examined in an experimental apparatus. Heat transfer in single tubes is typified by a characteristic flow of the bulk solids along the outer tube wall surface. A cuneiform rest zone is created at the upper tube wall (stagnation point), in which the particles remain for a long time. An ‘insulating’ effect is exhibited by the dammed bulk zone and is responsible for the poor heat transfer in this area. Near the sides of the lateral tubes heat transfer is good and icreases with increasing mass flux and bulk solids velocity. Bubbling occurs at the lower tube wall and the heat transfer again decreases due to the small number of wall-particle contacts. The experimentally confirmed ‘trace theory’ describes the temperature profile at the outlet of a moving bed heat exchanger, being characterized by very good cross-mixing of the bulk solids which allows the intergral heat transition to be calculated. A modelling approach to the heat transfer and bulk solids movement in the moving bed provides a physical model which describes the dependence of the heat transfer at a single tube on the flow profile between two neighbouring tubes. In order to determine the flow profile, the continuity equation is solved vectorially, allowing an analytical relationship of the velocity profile between two tubes to be obtained via the coaxiality of stress and deformation. To allow such a calculation, the heat-transfer model makes use of the residence and contact time behaviour resulting from the velocity profile, with the different components of heat transfer at a tube being determined from the friction properties of the specific bulk material. Calculation of the integral heat transfer in the moving bed may be achieved via heat transfer at a single tube. By using the theory of ‘extended contact time’, the total residence time of the bulk at the first tubes may be considered as a case history for the other tubes. The integral overall heat-transfer coefficients of moving bed heat exchangers thereby determined have been verified experimentally.

Heat transfer and flow of bulk solids in a moving bed

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Heat transfer and flow of bulk solids in a moving bed