Skin cancers are the most common tumors in patients who have received organ transplants. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas, cancers of the anogenital region, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, neuroendocrine skin carcinoma, and cutaneous manifestations of lymphoma in transplant recipients.

Skin cancers after organ transplantation.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a member of the PARP enzyme family consisting of PARP-1 and several recently identified novel poly(ADP-ribosylating) enzymes. PARP-1 is an abundant nuclear protein functioning as a DNA nick-sensor enzyme. Upon binding to DNA breaks, activated PARP cleaves NAD(+) into nicotinamide and ADP-ribose and polymerizes the latter onto nuclear acceptor proteins including histones, transcription factors, and PARP itself. Poly(ADP-ribosylation) contributes to DNA repair and to the maintenance of genomic stability. On the other hand, oxidative stress-induced overactivation of PARP consumes NAD(+) and consequently ATP, culminating in cell dysfunction or necrosis. This cellular suicide mechanism has been implicated in the pathomechanism of stroke, myocardial ischemia, diabetes, diabetes-associated cardiovascular dysfunction, shock, traumatic central nervous system injury, arthritis, colitis, allergic encephalomyelitis, and various other forms of inflammation. PARP has also been shown to associate with and regulate the function of several transcription factors. Of special interest is the enhancement by PARP of nuclear factor kappa B-mediated transcription, which plays a central role in the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory mediators. Herein we review the double-edged sword roles of PARP in DNA damage signaling and cell death and summarize the underlying mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of PARP inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss the potential use of PARP inhibitors as anticancer agents, radiosensitizers, and antiviral agents.

The Therapeutic Potential of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00450.x

Cancer after kidney transplantation in the United States.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(03)13638-0.pdf

Effect of fluvastatin on cardiac outcomes in renal transplant recipients: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Prognostic value of sarcopenia in adults with solid tumours: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Between 1980 and 1987 a total of 163 patients were operated for unilateral recurrent inguinal hernia in the University Hospital Dijkzigt. Various factors were analysed statistically with the log rank test for their prognostic value to predict repeat recurrence. Lower repeat recurrence rates were found with increase of age (p = 0.05) and time passed since the previous hernia operation (p = 0.001). Using the actuarial method of analysis the total cumulative repeat recurrence rate after five years was 23%.

The treatment of recurrent inguinal hernia

Bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells have similar immunosuppressive capacities in vitro and in a humanized allograft rejection model

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of partial liver resection in patients with liver metastases. DESIGN Retrospective. METHOD All of the patients who underwent a partial liver resection at the Rotterdam University Hospital during the period June 1984-August 1999 due to one or more metastases of a colorectal carcinoma were traced in the computerised hospital archive. Data concerning the primary tumour, the diagnostics carried out, the liver resection carried out and the clinical outcome after the operation were analysed using the statistical software SPSS. The actuarial survival was determined according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS In total 163 patients underwent an operation: 108 men and 55 women, with a mean age of 58 years (range: 32-77). Postoperative morbidity occurred in 34 patients (21%), mostly infections and gall leakage. During the hospital admission 10 patients died (6%). In the follow-up period, mean 30.2 months (median: 23.8) there was a recurrence of colorectal carcinoma in 82 of the patients (50%). The actuarial 5-year survival chance was 37%. The only statistically significant unfavourable prognosis factor for survival, was a larger tumour volume in the liver at the time of the hepatectomy.

[The treatment of colorectal liver metastases: good 5 year survival chance after partial liver resection at the Rotterdam University Hospital, 1984/1999].

Delayed xenograft rejection is not mitigated by depletion of macrophages and NK cells

Fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretor status is associated with non-anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation in recipients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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