Rugby (union and league) has come under intense scrutiny due to its injury risk
 Various interventions have been introduced to protect players from injury, with
 many deemed efficacious and advocated for use across various worldwide contexts
 However, their implementation is less clear The objective of this systematic
 review was to determine whether injury prevention interventions in rugby have
 evaluated their ‘reach’,
 ‘effectiveness’, ‘adoption’,
 ‘implementation’ and
 ‘maintenance’ as per the RE-AIM Multi-Dimension Item
 Checklist Six electronic databases were searched in November 2019 Inclusion
 criteria included: English language, peer-reviewed journal article, original
 research, field-based rugby code, prospective intervention Of the 4253 studies
 identified, 74 met the full inclusion criteria Protective equipment,
 predominately mouthguards, was the intervention of interest in 44 studies Other
 interventions included multimodal national injury prevention programmes, law
 changes and neuromuscular training programmes ‘Effectiveness’
 was the highest scoring RE-AIM dimension (55%), followed by
 ‘reach’ (26%) All other RE-AIM dimensions scored below
 20% Research currently focuses on determining intervention
 ‘effectiveness’ For injury prevention strategies to have their
 desired impact, there must be a shift to address all determinants associated
 with implementation Consideration should be given to how this can be achieved
 by adopting specific reporting checklists, research frameworks and study
 designs

/pdf/evaluating-the-implementation-of-injury-prevention-1u1j0vtqs9.pdf

Evaluating the Implementation of Injury Prevention Strategies in Rugby Union and League: A Systematic Review using the RE-AIM Framework.

Injuries in Irish male and female collegiate athletes.

Abstract Background Rugby Union is a collision team sport played globally. Despite this, significant concerns have been raised regarding the sport’s safety, particularly in youth players. Given this, a review of injury rates, risk factors and prevention strategies is required across different youth age groups as well as in males and females. Objective The objective of this systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis was to investigate injury and concussion rates, risk factors and primary prevention strategies in youth rugby. Methods To be included, studies were required to report either rates, risk factors or prevention strategies in youth rugby and to have a randomised controlled trial, quasi-experimental, cohort, case control, or ecological study design. Exclusion criteria included non-peer-reviewed grey literature, conference abstracts, case studies, previous systematic reviews and studies not written in English. Nine databases were searched. The full search strategy and list of sources are available and pre-registered on PROSPERO (Ref: CRD42020208343). Each study was assessed for risk of bias using the Downs and Black quality assessment tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using a DerSimonian Laird random effect model for each age group and sex. Results Sixty-nine studies were included in this SR. The match injury rates (using a 24-h time-loss definition) were 40.2/1000 match hours (95% CI 13.9–66.5) in males and 69.0/1000 match hours (95% CI 46.8–91.2) in females. Concussion rates were 6.2/1000 player-hours (95% CI 5.0–7.4) for males and 33.9/1000 player-hours (95% CI: 24.1–43.7) for females. The most common injury site was lower extremity (males) and the head/neck (females). The most common injury type was ligament sprain (males) and concussion (females). The tackle was the most common event associated with injury in matches (55% male, 71% females). Median time loss was 21 days for males and 17 days for females. Twenty-three risk factors were reported. The risk factors with the strongest evidence were higher levels of play and increasing age. Primary injury prevention strategies were the focus of only eight studies and included law changes ( n = 2), equipment ( n = 4), education ( n = 1) and training ( n = 1). The prevention strategy with the most promising evidence was neuromuscular training. The primary limitations included a broad range of injury definitions ( n = 9) and rate denominators ( n = 11) used, as well as a limited number of studies which could be included in the meta-analysis for females ( n = 2). Conclusion A focus on high-quality risk factor and primary prevention evaluation should be considered in future studies. Targeting primary prevention and stakeholder education remain key strategies in the prevention, recognition and management of injuries and concussions in youth rugby. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40279-023-01826-z.pdf

Injury Rates, Mechanisms, Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies in Youth Rugby Union: What’s All the Ruck-Us About? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

/pdf/life-after-the-game-consequences-of-acute-spinal-cord-940b31u7il.pdf

Life after the game: consequences of acute spinal cord injuries in South African rugby union players

Rugby

Youth rugby is a popular sport in South Africa (SA) with a high injury incidence. The annual SA Rugby Youth Week tournaments attract the top age-group players in the country providing a sample of players for reliable injury surveillance. The aim of the study was to analyze the changes in time-loss injury rates at the SA Rugby Youth Week tournaments between 2011 and 2016, differences between age-groups, and to investigate associated injury risk factors. All confirmed time-loss injuries at the 4 age-group tournaments (under-13, under-16, and 2 under-18) from 2011 to 2016 were recorded. Injury incidence densities (IID) for years, tournaments, and injury risk factors were calculated and Poisson regression analyses were performed to determine differences. Time-loss injuries (n = 494) were reported over 24 240 exposure hours, with an overall IID of 20.4 (18.6-22.2) injuries per 1000 player hours. The year 2013 had a significantly lower IID compared to 2011. Injury risk decreased with increasing age; under-13 and under-16 had significantly higher IID compared to under-18 Craven Week. Tackling was the phase of play at highest risk, with an IID of 7.4 (6.3-8.5) injuries per 1000 player hours. Central/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) and, therefore, the head/neck were the most commonly occurring injuries/location injured. In conclusion, within the SA Rugby tournament structure, the older players had a decreased rate of injury. The tackle event was still the phase of play with the highest injury incidence regardless of age. This increase in incidence is largely due to an increase in CNS/PNS injuries.

Trends in time-loss injuries during the 2011-2016 South African Rugby Youth Weeks.

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Trends in time-loss injuries during the 2011-2016 South African Rugby Youth Weeks.