Categories of architectural designs in trace fossils: A measure of ichnodisparity

Fil: Krause, Javier Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Museo Paleontologico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geologia; Argentina

New age constraints for early Paleogene strata of central Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for the timing of South American Land Mammal Ages

El Grupo Rio Chico (Paleoceno Superior-Eoceno Medio), de origen continental y aflorante en la cuenca del Golfo San Jorge,aun no cuenta con un esquema litoestratigrafico adecuado que contemple las variaciones y relaciones espaciales de sus unidadesintegrantes. En este trabajo, restringido arealmente al norte de la cuenca, se redefinen sus cuatro formaciones que de basea techo son: Las Violetas, Penas Coloradas, Las Flores y Koluel-Kaike. La relacion inferior del grupo con la FormacionSalamanca es de tipo transicional y se resuelve en un intervalo estratigrafico denominado en este trabajo niveles transicionales.La Formacion Las Violetas se circunscribe al centro del area de estudio, borde norte de la cuenca, donde se manifiesta unaposible relacion de lateralidad con la Formacion Penas Coloradas. Esta ultima muestra un importante desarrollo en la zonacostera y occidental, sin aflorar en el area central de estudio. La Formacion Las Flores alcanza su mayor espesor en la zonacentral (facies mas gruesas) y disminuye hacia el este y oeste (facies mas finas). La Formacion Koluel-Kaike posee sus faciestipicas y mayores espesores hacia el oeste, mientras que hacia el centro y este se acuna hasta desaparecer en el borde norte dela cuenca. La relacion superior de esta ultima unidad con la suprayacente Formacion Sarmiento es de tipo transicional

Redefinición estratigráfica del grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Inferior), en el norte de la cuenca del golfo San Jorge, Chubut

The purpose of this paper is to test the application of a new, low-cost ($2995.00 US), multistripe laser triangulation (MLT) scanner and three-dimensional (3D) software for semiquantitative and quantitative analyses of ichnofossils and modern traces. The goal of this research is to improve on existing analytical techniques and apply new methods to 3D digital models of ichnofossils and modern traces. Objectives are to (1) provide researchers with new ways to develop and test hypotheses quantitatively in the fields of paleoichnology, neoichnology, sedimentology, and soil science, and (2) discuss uses, advantages, and limitations of MLT technology related to ichnology. We scanned and created digital models of a variety of mostly continental ichnofossils and modern terrestrial traces produced by invertebrates and vertebrates. Visual methods applied include making uniformly colored specimen surfaces, stereo pairs, anaglyph stereo images, animations, and cross sections. Quantitative methods applied include measuring distances, tortuosity indices, and angles, and producing contour maps of tracks. Two of the most useful properties measurable from digital models are surface area (SA) and volume (V); these are used rarely in ichnology because they are difficult to measure with traditional methods. We use SA to calculate area exploited and introduce a method of quantifying surface roughness adapted from research on soil surfaces. We measure V of burrows, tracks, and coprolites, as well as introduce a new measure termed “volume exploited.” We hypothesize that different tracemakers make burrows with characteristic V to SA ratios; this is partially supported by statistical tests of previously published data. We also use V to SA ratios to determine relative compactness—a metric adapted from building physics. Digital models ensure perpetuity of specimens because they preserve 3D data that can be used to make physical copies, placed in museums, and disseminated easily to researchers and educational institutions of all levels. Data from digital models can be used to interpret ichnocoenoses, bioturbation rates, and pedogenic properties and processes in soils and paleosols. Note that MLT scanning digitizes only surfaces of objects, so it is best suited for exogenic traces and casts of endogenic traces.

Use of Low-Cost Multistripe Laser Triangulation (MLT) Scanning Technology for Three-Dimensional, Quantitative Paleoichnological and Neoichnological Studies

/pdf/integrated-ichnofacies-models-for-deserts-recurrent-patterns-2ps7q4qbqb.pdf

Integrated Ichnofacies models for deserts: Recurrent patterns and megatrends

Hemispherical pan or dish-shaped trace fossils from the Cenozoic of the Central Patagonia are attributed to the burrowing action of cicadas. A new ichnotaxon, Feoich- nus challa igen. et isp. nov. is characterized by its hemispher- ical shape, mostly subvertical orientation, smoothed internal lining showing knobbly surface texture, and rough and irreg- ular external surface devoid of ornamentation. The wall is composed of a lining plus a layer of soil material consoli- dated passively by cicada excretions. In other specimens the wall shows a repetition of linings and soil layers reflecting changes in the position of the chambers. Grooves, which rep- resent traces of roots originally related to the feeding activi- ties of cicada nymphs, are located in the wall of many specimens of F. challa. These grooves are subvertical to sub- horizontal and show smooth surfaces with longitudinal stria- tions. The cicadan origin of these traces is supported by comparison of the fossils to modern cicada nymph chambers and by laboratory experiments. The most significant charac- ters that emerged from the comparison are the differential preservation of the basal part of the chambers, the interior lining with similar surface texture, and the presence of root traces in the wall and in the interior of the chamber. Addi- tional records of F. challa from the Cretaceous-Pliocene of the USA, the Oligocene of Ethiopia, and the Miocene of the United Arab Emirates and Kenya complete the current infor- mation yielded by the known body fossil record to help understand the evolutionary history of cicadas.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00753.x

Trace fossils of cicadas in the cenozoic of central patagonia, argentina

Changing fluvial styles in volcaniclastic successions: A cretaceous example from the Cerro Barcino Formation, Patagonia

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Trace fossils of cicadas in the cenozoic of central patagonia, argentina

Changing fluvial styles in volcaniclastic successions: A cretaceous example from the Cerro Barcino Formation, Patagonia