Health and dietary monitoring has a long history in Finland. The aim of this review is to summarise the main sources of Finnish dietary information including food balance sheets, household budget survey data, questionnaires related to dietary behaviour and risk factors of main chronic diseases as well as dietary surveys. According to these sources, dietary behaviour and food choices have changed considerably during the last decades. For example, the total fat intake (E %) has decreased remarkably from nearly 40 % in the late 1960s to close to 30 % in 2007. Furthermore, the type of fat consumed has changed noticeably due to the increased popularity of oil used in cooking and the large variety of softer spreads available. There has also been a notable decrease in intake of salt, and a multiple increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables since the 1970s. The future challenges of dietary monitoring include keeping the participation rates in dietary surveys at acceptable levels, controlling under/over-reporting of diet, developing a national monitoring system for children and adapting to international changes and requirements to harmonise dietary monitoring in Europe.

/pdf/monitoring-diet-and-diet-related-chronic-disease-risk-1iqgmqu4zi.pdf

Monitoring diet and diet-related chronic disease risk factors in Finland.

Objective To analyze the associations of secondary otalgia with general health, stress, insomnia, bruxism, and recurrent head and neck region pains. Design A population-based survey. Setting General community. Subjects A total of 391 randomly selected subjects (186 men, 205 women) aged 25, 35, 45, 55, or 65 years. Methods Standardized interview and self-report questionnaires of general health and stress. Results Otalgia was statistically significantly associated with all the studied factors. However, in the whole study group, independent predictors of otalgia were the obvious need for temporomandibular disorder treatment, high frequency of stress symptoms, and bruxism. When analyzed in women, the predictors of otalgia were the obvious need for temporomandibular disorder treatment, high frequency of stress symptoms, and age. When analyzed in men, recurrent neck pain was a predictor of otalgia. Conclusions We suggest that after ruling out otorhinolaryngologic infectious diseases and temporomandibular disorder in patients with secondary otalgia, the next step is to explore the frequency of stress symptoms, bruxism, and recurrent neck pain. Furthermore, women and men may need a different approach in diagnostics of secondary otalgia. By diagnosing and treating these predictors of otalgia, it may be possible to reach a more successful outcome.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/articlepdf/482257/ooa00092.pdf

Secondary Otalgia in an Adult Population

Prevalence of coronary heart disease and associated risk factors among elderly Finnish men in the Seven Countries Study

Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Finnish Action Programme, interim report.

Objective. To ascertain the age and gender distribution of patients receiving anticoagulant (AC) treatment with warfarin, and to establish the prevalence of AC treatment and its indications among the Finnish population. Design. A cross-sectional study in which the patients were identified from the patient records of health centres. Setting. Primary health care in the Hospital District of South Ostrobothnia in Finland. Patients. Those inhabitants of 15 municipalities in the study area who received AC treatment with warfarin on 1 April 2004. The total number of inhabitants was 132 621 at the end of 2003. Main outcome measures. Patient age and gender distributions, the prevalence of AC treatment in the study area, and indications for AC treatment. Results. Altogether 2389 patients were identified, 51.4% of them men. The mean age of the patients was 72.4 years. The prevalence of AC treatment was 1.8%; when age-adjusted to match the Finnish population it was 1.64%. The proportion of men receiving AC tr...

Who receives anticoagulant treatment with warfarin and why? A population-based study in Finland.

Terveys, toimintakyky ja hoidontarve Suomessa. Mini-Suomi-terveystutkimuksen perustulokset

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Terveys, toimintakyky ja hoidontarve Suomessa. Mini-Suomi-terveystutkimuksen perustulokset