The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients.

Metal complexes in cancer therapy have attracted much interest mainly because metals exhibit unique characteristics, such as redox activity, metal‐ligand interaction, structure and bonding, Lewis acid properties etc. In 1965, Barnett Rosenberg serendipitously discovered the metal‐based compound cisplatin, an outstanding breakthrough in the history of metal‐based anticancer complexes and led to a new area of anticancer drug discovery. Many metal‐based compounds have been studied for their potential anticancer properties. Some of these compounds have FDA approval for clinical use, while others are now undergoing clinical trials for cancer therapy and detection. In the present study, we have highlighted the primary mode of action of metallic complexes and all FDA‐approved/under clinical trial drugs with reference to cancer treatment. This review also focuses on recent progress on metal‐based complexes such as platinum, ruthenium, iron, etc. with potential anticancer activities.

Metal Complexes in Cancer Treatment: Journey So Far

Purpose To test the feasibility and safety of injecting a high-contrast hydrogel marker at the head of the pancreas (HOP) and duodenum interface and assesses the marker visibility on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to localize this important boundary during image guided radiation therapy in a porcine model. Methods and Materials This was a 2-stage study. The feasibility/visibility stage evaluated the ability to place the hydrogel using endoscopic ultrasound guidance on 8 swine (4 euthanized at post-injection day 8, 4 euthanized at post-injection day 22) and assessed the quality of visibility of the marked location on CBCT in the longer-surviving group. The risk assessment stage evaluated the toxicity of targeted intrapancreatic injections (3 swine) and intramural duodenal wall injections (3 swine) to assess toxicity of a misplaced hydrogel injection. All swine underwent postmortem examination and histopathologic studies. Results The HOP–duodenum interface was successfully marked using hydrogel in 6 of the 8 swine. Histopathologic examination of the 6 successful hydrogel injections showed mild/minimal (4 cases) or moderate (2 cases) reactive inflammation isolated to the injection site. Of the 4 swine survived to 22 days, 3 demonstrated successful hydrogel placement at the HOP–duodenum interface, and this marked location was clearly visible for positional guidance on CBCT. There was no evidence of pancreatitis or duodenal toxicity in the swine undergoing targeted intrapancreatic or intramural duodenum injections for the risk assessment stage. Conclusions We demonstrate the feasibility and safety of injecting a hydrogel marker to highlight the HOP–duodenum interface that has acceptable visibility on CBCT. This technique, translated to humans, enables on-board visualization of this important boundary between the radiation target and dose-limiting, radiosensitive duodenum, facilitating efforts to safely deliver dose-escalated radiation therapy.

Demonstration of Safety and Feasibility of Hydrogel Marking of the Pancreas-Duodenum Interface for Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) in a Porcine Model: Implications in IGRT for Pancreatic Cancer Patients.

Robot-assisted decompressive laminectomy is a new strategy in clinical applications. However, a stable contact force between the bone-cutting device and lamina is needed to keep it working correctly, which may be affected by respiration and deformation. The surgeon can adapt to this dynamic process quickly, but the robot could cause a considerable force that may damage the patient. This paper proposes a compensation control method based on a respiration-spine model to first improve the stability of the contact force. The model is established based on human morphology and ventilator parameters for anaesthetised patients. The control method is a combination of a surgery sleeve and active fuzzy control to improve the robustness of the robot. The control of the sleeve is related to the thickness of the bone layer, which can be calculated from the image. Furthermore, the lower boundary of the lamina in the CT image is extracted as a safety constraint that can protect the spinal nerves. Finally, an experiment is conducted to verify the safety constraint and compare the changes in contact force with or without the control method. The statistical experiment shows that the control error is 2.47 N without the force control method, while the force control error is 0.223 N when the target control force is 2 N. The robot will hover on the surface of the spine after completing the laminectomy of the planned area. These results show that the robot can be controlled safely and stably. Note to Practitioners—The purpose of this paper is to propose a stable and safe control method for lamina grinding robots under the influence of breathing and deformation factors. Most previous research only considered one of the two factors, and both factors are considered in this paper. Unlike the surgeon, who has the ability to adapt to physiological movements, the robot may cause a considerable force to be exerted on the device, which may damage the patient. Therefore, a controller based on human experience is longitudinally designed, and position constraints are added in three directions. This application can improve the stability and safety of robot-assisted surgery, which may be suitable for remote surgery and can help rural areas solve the problem of a lack of medical resources. Spinal model bone experiments have been completed and will be tested on animals in the future. 

A Stability and Safety Control Method in Robot-Assisted Decompressive Laminectomy Considering Respiration and Deformation of Spine

The aim of this review is to evaluate the emerging role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the guidance of tumor-targeted therapies for patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). EUS-guided ablation, brachytherapy, fiducial marker placement, and antitumor agent injection have been described to date. EUS-guided fiducial placement for SBRT in pancreatic cancer has entered the clinical practice and is performed at many centers clinically without a research protocol. EUS-guided brachytherapy and RFA have been shown to be feasible and safe procedures, and potentially offer local disease control. Other potential techniques of EUS-guided treatment of pancreatic cancer are still considered experimental, with many of them appearing to be safe and reasonably well tolerated. However, their effectiveness and exact role in oncological treatment have yet to be established. Clinical trials with many of the techniques/agents described are underway and multicentric randomized trials with prospective design are eagerly awaited.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.

OncoPaC-1: An Open-label, Single-Arm Pilot Study of Phosphorus-32 Microparticles Brachytherapy in Combination with Gemcitabine +/- Nab-Paclitaxel in Unresectable Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Elevated Absolute Monocyte Count, Absolute Neutrophil Count, and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Prognostic Factors in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Pancreas Adenocarcinoma Demonstrates Minimal Acute and Late Toxicity

Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Tumor Interface Response as Predictors of Outcomes for Prospective Cohort of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Characterizing Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

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