Hereditary angioneurotic edema. I. Case reports and review of the literature.

Experiments with crude preparations of bradykinin have shown that they increase capillary permeability in the guinea-pig, rabbit (Holdstock, Mathias & Schachter, 1957) and man (Herxheimer & Schachter, 1959). The present experiments with highly purified preparations demonstrated that bradykinin is indeed a very potent enhancer of permeability. It was of interest therefore to study also the effect of serum kallikrein on capillary permeability, since this substance occurs normally in an inactive form in the blood of man and animals, and when activated releases kallidin, a polypeptide closely resembling bradykinin (see Frey, Kraut & Werle, 1950; Werle, 1955, 1960). Serum kallikrein was also found to be effective in increasing capillary permeability, and our results suggest that this activity is, in fact, due to the release of kallidin. The effects of serum kallikrein and bradykinin were similar qualitatively and quantitatively and both differed in a number of ways from the effect of histamine. Since plasmin, the fibrinolytic enzyme in plasma, resembles kallikrein in that it exists in blood in an inactive but activable form (Mullertz, 1956; Biggs & MacFarlane, 1957), and has been found by some workers to be a potent releaser of a substance indistinguishable from bradykinin (Beraldo, 1950; Lewis, 1958), we compared its properties with those of serum kallikrein. Our experiments showed that kallikrein differed from plasmin in several ways. Plasmin was relatively ineffective in increasing capillary permeability and failed to release a smooth-muscle stimulating agent from plasma under conditions in which serum kallikrein was very active; on the other hand, plasmin was far more effective than kallikrein in producing fibrinolysis. A preliminary communication of some of these results has previously been made to the Physiological Society (Bhoola & Schachter, 1959).

The effect of bradykinin, serum kallikrein and other endogenous substances on capillary permeability in the guinea-pig

The induction of permeability-increasing activity in human plasma by activated hageman factor.

Observations on intrinsic kinin-forming factors in human plasma: the effect of acid, acetone, chloroform, heat and euglobulin separation on kinin formation.

Enzyme-Like Globulins from Serum reproducing the Vascular Phenomena of Inflammation. VI. Isolation and Properties of Permeability Factor and its Inhibitor in Human Plasma.

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Enzyme-Like Globulins from Serum reproducing the Vascular Phenomena of Inflammation. VI. Isolation and Properties of Permeability Factor and its Inhibitor in Human Plasma.