Pigmented mammary Paget disease is a rare clinicopathologic variant of mammary Paget disease. It has been described in female and male patients with intraductal mammary carcinoma extending to the epidermis of the nipple and areola through a lactiferous duct. Pigmented cutaneous metastases from breast carcinoma are uncommon variants of epidermotropic metastatic breast carcinoma. All these lesions may mimic malignant melanoma clinically and histopathologically. From a histopathologic point of view, involvement of the dermoepidermal junction by neoplastic cells of the mammary carcinoma seems to be a prerequisite for development of the clinical pigmentation. We report three examples of pigmented mammary Paget disease and six cases of pigmented epidermotropic metastases from breast carcinoma, which were studied from both the histopathologic and immunohistochemical points of view. Two cases of pigmented mammary Paget disease and all cases of pigmented epidermotropic metastatic breast carcinoma showed the proliferation of dendritic melanocytes arranged as solitary units along the dermoepidermal junction and intermingled with the neoplastic cells of the mammary carcinoma in the superficial dermis. In one case of pigmented mammary Paget disease, there was abundant melanin within the cytoplasm of the Paget cells, but an increased number of melanocytes could not be demonstrated. Local production of melanocytic chemotactic factor by neoplastic cells of the mammary carcinoma when they reach the dermoepidermal junction has been postulated as the cause of the melanocytic proliferation and clinical hyperpigmentation of these epidermotropic breast carcinomas. Another possibility is the phagocytosis or transfer of melanin from melanocytes to the intraepidermal neoplastic cells of the breast carcinoma. Pigmented mammary Paget disease and pigmented epidermotropic metastatic breast carcinoma should be differentiated from melanoma clinical and histopathologically.

Pigmented mammary Paget disease and pigmented epidermotropic metastases from breast carcinoma.

Many reports exist of pigmented adnexal tumors containing dendritic melanocytes such as pigmented basal cell carcinomas and pigmented pilomatricomas. Correspondingly, melanocytes are a known component of the bulbs of anagen follicles. The phenomenon of melanization of adnexal tumors highlights the interrelationship between melanocytes and adnexal epithelium and may represent normal melanocytes colonizing a neoplastic proliferation. We report on two cases of a unique tumor composed of neoplastic matrical cells with a significant component of melanocytes. Both cases presented as pigmented papules in older men (66 and 80 years, forearm and pectoral region, respectively). Histologically, these were well-defined nodular proliferations composed of variably melanized, pleomorphic, and mitotically active matrical and supramatrical cells forming clusters of "shadow cells." Admixed with the epithelial cells were numerous melanized dendritic melanocytes. Shadow cells expressed keratin 13, and a subpopulation of S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells were evident. No recurrence of any type was found after reexcisions 4 months and 2 years later. We propose the name of melanocytic matricoma for these two heretofore unreported cases of a unique neoplasm composed of matrical cells and melanocytes recapitulating epithelial-melanocyte interaction in the follicular anagen bulb. Although their small size, circumscription and clinical course suggest a benign nature, melanocytic matricomas' cytologic atypia disclose the potential for malignant behavior.

Melanocytic matricoma: a report of two cases of a new entity.

Pigmented mammary and extramammary Paget disease are rare entities in both males and females that mimic melanoma both clinically and histologically Furthermore, Paget disease can be associated with increased number of benign melanocytes, thus resulting in additional diagnostic difficulty, especially when only hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections are examined and a limited immunohistochemical study is performed Using standard hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and routine immunohistochemical studies, we describe and characterize 7 cases of pigmented extramammary and mammary Paget disease In all cases, malignant epithelial cells showed intracytoplasmic pigment, along with an immunohistochemical epithelial phenotype In 2 of the cases, immunohistochemistry revealed numerous dendritic processes positive for melanocytic markers, thus resulting in an initial diagnosis of melanoma Careful analysis confirmed that the immunolabeling corresponded to cytoplasmic labeling of melanocyte dendrites surrounding tumor cells The correct diagnosis of pigmented Paget disease can be reached after close histologic examination and detailed evaluation of immunohistochemical studies The latter are especially important in some extraordinary cases in which there may be an associated intraepithelial melanocytic hyperplasia

Pigmented Paget disease--a diagnostic pitfall mimicking melanoma.

Many reports exist of pigmented adnexal tumors containing dendritic melanocytes such as pigmented basal cell careinomas and pigmented pilomatricomas. Correspondingly, melanocytes are a known component of the bulbs of anagen follicles. The phenomenon of melanization of adnexal tumors highlights the interrelationship between melanocytes and adnexal epithelium and may represent normal melanocytes colonizing a neoplastic proliferation. We report on two cases of a unique tumor composed of neoplastic matrical cells with a significant component of melanocytes. Both cases presented as pigmented papules in older men (66 and 80 years, forearm and pectoral region, respectively). Histologically, these were well-defined nodular proliferations composed of variably melanized, pleomorphic. and mitotically active matrical and supramatrical cells forming clusters of shadow cells. Admixed with the epithelial cells were numerous melanized dendritic melanocytes. Shadow cells expressed keratin 13, and a subpopulation of S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells were evident. No recurrence of any type was found after reexcisions 4 months and 2 years later. We propose the name of melanocytic matricoma for these two heretofore unreported cases of a unique neoplasm composed of matrical cells and melanocytes recapitulating epithelial-melanocyte interaction in the follicular anagen bulb. Although their small size, circumscription and clinical course suggest a benign nature, melanocytic matricomas cytologic atypia disclose the potential for malignant behavior.

Melanocytic matricoma : A report of two cases of a new entity

A 68-year-old man had a pigmented tumour in the breast. Although the clinical picture suggested a malignant melanoma, histology revealed that the tumour was a primary ductal carcinoma of the breast. There was no pagetoid cell proliferation in the epidermis. However, tumour nests contained numerous dendritic melanocytes that could survive in the tumour nests without the existence of epidermal keratinocytes. Further immunohistochemical study employing antibodies to melanocyte growth factors demonstrated that anti-basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) antibody was the only reagent to show a positive staining for tumour cells. This indicated that the breast cancer cells produced bFGF, which enabled survival of melanocytes within the tumour mass.

Pigmented primary carcinoma of the breast: a clinical mimic of malignant melanoma.

CD56+ T cells are generally recognized as a distinct population of T cells and are categorized as NKT-like cells. Although our understanding of NKT-like cells is far from satisfactory, it has been shown that aging and a number of disease situations have impacted these cells. To construct an overview of what is currently known, we reviewed the literature on human NKT-like cells. NKT-like cells are highly differentiated T cells with “CD1d-independent” antigen recognition and MHC-unrestricted cell killing. The genesis of NKT-like cells is unclear; however, it is proposed that the acquisition of innate characteristics by T cells could represent a remodeling process leading to successful aging. Additionally, it has been shown that NKT-like cells may play a significant role in several pathological conditions, making it necessary to comprehend whether these cells might function as prognostic markers. The quantification and characterization of these cells might serve as a cutting-edge indicator of individual immune health. Additionally, exploring the mechanisms that can control their killing activity in different contexts may therefore result in innovative therapeutic alternatives in a wide range of disease settings.

/pdf/natural-killer-t-like-cells-immunobiology-and-role-in-24d8stlg.pdf

Natural Killer T-like Cells: Immunobiology and Role in Disease

The first case of pigmented epidermotropic breast carcinoma in a male, presenting as a pigmented lesion of the areola and nipple, is described. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies demonstrated that the pigmentation was found to be primarily due to colonization of tumor nests by melanocytes, with numerous melanophages interspersed in the desmoplastic stroma and only occasional compound melanosomes within the epithelial tumor cells.

Pigmented epidermotropic ductal carcinoma of the breast in a male. Ultrastructural evidence of melanocytic colonization and melanin transfer to the tumor.

Targeting the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins has been the backbone for hematological malignancies with overall survival improvements. The Bcl-2 family is a major player in apoptosis regulation and, has captured the researcher’s interest in the treatment of solid tumors. Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases, comprising several entities, with high morbidity and mortality and with few specific therapies available. The treatment for sarcomas is based on platinum regimens, with variable results and poor outcomes, especially in advanced lesions. The high number of different sarcoma entities makes treatment standardization as well as the performance of clinical trials difficult. The use of Bcl-2 family members modifiers has revealed promising results in in vitro and in vivo models and may be a valid option, especially when used in combination with chemotherapy. In this article, a revision of these results and possibilities for the use of Bcl-2 family members inhibitors in sarcomas was performed.

pdf/b-cell-lymphoma-2-family-members-and-sarcomas-a-promising-13f4lmmk6x.pdf

B-cell lymphoma 2 family members and sarcomas: a promising target in a heterogeneous disease

Background Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare tumours arising from connective tissues characterised by high morphologic and biologic heterogeneity, as well as by limited responsiveness to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Trabectedin was approved in 2007 for patients with advanced STS after failure of anthracyclines and ifosfamide, or for patients unsuited to receive these agents. Purpose To obtain basic epidemiological information on patients with soft tissue sarcomas, standard treatment procedures and results of trabectedin treatment in clinical practise. Materials and Methods This retrospective study analysed 31 STS patients treated with trabectedin between January 2009 and September 2012. A retrospective cohort study of all patients with a diagnosis of STS treated with trabectedin 1.5 mg/m2, D1, 24 hours’ continuous IV infusion, every 3 weeks. Toxicity was evaluated using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Progression-free survival curves (PFS) and Overall Survival (a 95% confidence interval was used) were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Median age at the initiation of trabectedin therapy was 52 years (18–79 years). Leiomyosarcoma was the most frequent tumour (25.8%) and liposarcoma occurred in 16.2% of the patients. Median number of cycles administered was 6.7 (2–16 cycles). Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia (16.1% of patients), asthenia (12.9%) and elevation of liver transaminases (9.7% of patients) were the most frequent adverse effects. Nine patients achieved a partial remission (PR) and in 3 the disease stabilised (SD). Median overall survival (95% CI) was 6.0 months (0.8; 36.1), median progression-free survival (PFS) (95% CI) was 11.48 months. PFS for all patients was 90.3% at three months and 79.0% at six months. Conclusions Our results indicate that trabectedin shows promise as an effective and tolerable new drug for the treatment of patients with STS. No conflict of interest.

CPC-143 Trabectedin For Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma – a Retrospective Analysis

Immune monitoring of trabectedin therapy in refractory soft tissue sarcoma patients - the IMMUNYON study

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

J. M. Casanova

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Natural Killer T-like Cells: Immunobiology and Role in Disease

Pigmented epidermotropic ductal carcinoma of the breast in a male. Ultrastructural evidence of melanocytic colonization and melanin transfer to the tumor.

B-cell lymphoma 2 family members and sarcomas: a promising target in a heterogeneous disease

CPC-143 Trabectedin For Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma – a Retrospective Analysis

Immune monitoring of trabectedin therapy in refractory soft tissue sarcoma patients - the IMMUNYON study