Current-induced motion of skyrmions is attracting attention due to its low critical current density, however, its microscopic mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. Using numerical simulations, the authors demonstrate a universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion, independent of disorder or nonadiabatic effects.

/pdf/universal-current-velocity-relation-of-skyrmion-motion-in-1bug1s8b48.pdf

Universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets

http://absimage.aps.org/image/MAR13/MWS_MAR13-2012-004008.pdf

Magnetic nanoparticles offer unique potential for various technological, biomedical, or environmental applications thanks to the size-, shape- and material-dependent tunability of their magnetic properties. To optimize particles for a specific application, it is crucial to interrelate their performance with their structural and magnetic properties. This review presents the advantages of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering techniques for achieving a detailed multiscale characterization of magnetic nanoparticles and their ensembles in a mesoscopic size range from 1 to a few hundred nanometers with nanometer resolution. Both X-rays and neutrons allow the ensemble-averaged determination of structural properties, such as particle morphology or particle arrangement in multilayers and 3D assemblies. Additionally, the magnetic scattering contributions enable retrieving the internal magnetization profile of the nanoparticles as well as the inter-particle moment correlations caused by interactions within dense assemblies. Most measurements are used to determine the time-averaged ensemble properties, in addition advanced small-angle scattering techniques exist that allow accessing particle and spin dynamics on various timescales. In this review, we focus on conventional small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS), X-ray and neutron reflectometry, gracing-incidence SAXS and SANS, X-ray resonant magnetic scattering, and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy techniques. For each technique, we provide a general overview, present the latest scientific results, and discuss its strengths as well as sample requirements. Finally, we give our perspectives on how future small-angle scattering experiments, especially in combination with micromagnetic simulations, could help to optimize the performance of magnetic nanoparticles for specific applications. 

/pdf/using-small-angle-scattering-to-guide-functional-magnetic-2e2hje53.pdf

Using small-angle scattering to guide functional magnetic nanoparticle design

The magnetic phase diagram of MnSi was studied using small angle neutron scattering. The results were analysed using the three-dimensional resolution function and the scattering cross section to model the diffraction data. A small phase pocket (phase 'A') just below TN is found to be a modulated antiferromagnet.

Magnetic phase diagram of MnSi

Inelastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering spectrometers in J-PARC General subjects

We report the development of a compact turn-key module that boosts the resolution in quasielastic neutron scattering by several orders of magnitude down to the low sub-micro-eV range. It is based on a pair of neutron resonance spin flippers that generate a well defined temporal intensity modulation, also known as Modulation of IntEnsity by Zero Effort (MIEZE). The module may be used under versatile conditions, in particular, in applied magnetic fields and for depolarizing and incoherently scattering samples. We demonstrate the power of MIEZE in studies of the helimagnetic order in MnSi under applied magnetic fields.

/pdf/turn-key-module-for-neutron-scattering-with-sub-micro-ev-3sxa4z58gj.pdf

Turn-key module for neutron scattering with sub-micro-eV resolution

We report results of tests of the MISANS technique at the CG-1D beamline at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). A chopper at 40 Hz simulated a pulsed neutron source at the beamline. A compact turn-key MISANS module operating with the pulsed beam was installed and a well characterized MnSi sample was tested. The feasibility of application of high magnetic fields at the sample position was also explored. These tests demonstrate the great potential of this technique, in particular for examining magnetic and depolarizing samples, under extreme sample environments at pulsed sources, such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) or the planned European Spallation Source (ESS).

Tests of modulated intensity small angle scattering in time of flight mode

Bidirectional quantum controlled teleportation of unique four-qubit states by newly entangled 15-qubit state

In this paper we describe the latest tests of the MISANS spectrometer at the IPNS in Argonne, USA. At this stage the time resolution and more importantly the contrast of the modulation at the detector is very low, nevertheless it was possible to perform a MISANS-measurement and test some features typical for a pulsed neutron source. The MISANS technique has a huge potential to improve its contrast and resolution towards a high resolution spin echo spectrometer.

Experimental tests with MISANS (Modulated Intensity Small Angle Neutron Scattering) at IPNS (Intense Pulsed Neutron Source)

Compact intensity modulation (CIM), a new method to modulate the intensity of a neutron beam is demonstrated. CIM allows the production of arbitrary signals where the focus point can be chosen and changed without any constraints. A novel feature in this technique compared to spin echo techniques is that the neutron polarization is kept parallel or anti-parallel to the static fields during the passage through the magnetic fields and the beating pattern at the detector is produced by an amplitude modulation (AM) of the adiabatic RF-spin flippers rather than Larmor precession like in neutron spin echo (NSE) instruments; thus, the achievable contrast is very high and the instrument resolution can be changed very quickly. This gives the fascinating possibility at pulsed neutron sources to sweep the modulation frequency of the flippers in order to increase dynamic resolution range during the same neutron pulse.

CIM - compact intensity modulation.

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