CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS Introduction Physical Properties Optical Properties Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties Magnetooptic Properties Electrooptic Properties Elastooptic Properties Nonlinear Optical Properties GLASSES Introduction Commercial Optical Glasses Specialty Optical Glasses Fused Silica Fluoride Glasses Chalcogenide Glasses Magnetooptic Properties Electrooptic Properties Elastooptic Properties Nonlinear Optical Properties Special Glasses POLYMERIC MATERIALS Optical Plastics Index of Refraction Nonlinear Optical Properties Thermal Properties Engineering Data METALS Physical Properties of Selected Metals Optical Properties Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties Mirror Substrate Materials LIQUIDS Introduction Water Physical Properties of Selected Liquids Index of Refraction Nonlinear Optical Properties Magnetooptic Properties Commercial Optical Liquids GASES Introduction Physical Properties of Selected Gases Index of Refraction Nonlinear Optical Properties Magnetooptic Properties Atomic Resonance Filters APPENDICES Safe Handling of Optical Materials Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Mineralogical or Common Names for Optical Materials Abbreviations for Methods of Preparing Optical Materials and Thin Films Fundamental Physical Constants Units and Conversion Factors

/pdf/handbook-of-optical-materials-3e2ukwmx2l.pdf

Handbook of Optical Materials

Pump--supercontinuum-probe (PSCP) spectroscopy with femtosecond time resolution is developed theoretically and experimentally. The connection to previous theoretical results on nonchirped probing is established. It is experimentally shown that the supercontinuum can be described as a single chirped pulse. A key problem of the technique---the precise time correction of transient spectra---is solved by monitoring the nonresonant electronic response from a pure solvent (liquids) or from a transparent substrate (solid films). This allows for an adequate characterization of the supercontinuum, in particular, for directly measuring the spectral dependence of the pump-probe cross correlation. For 50-fs pump pulses, a theoretical estimate gives an accuracy for the time correction of 10 fs, which is typically \ensuremath{\approx}1/30 of the supercontinuum pulse duration. Hence a time resolution of 10--20 fs can be experimentally realized. Contributions to the nonresonant transient signal from high-frequency Raman excitations and from low-frequency impulsive-stimulated Raman processes are discussed. The PSCP technique is illustrated by results from experiments with fused silica and several common solvents and with a chromophore in solution.

Femtosecond spectroscopy of condensed phases with chirped supercontinuum probing

The time-resolved optical Kerr responses of several simple molecular liquids are probed with 65-fs laser pulses. Four dynamically distinct responses associated with the nonlinear susceptibility are observed in every liquid that possesses a permanent anisotropic polarizability. A simple model that specifically includes inertial effects provides an excellent description of the entire temporal profile of the Kerr signal of each liquid investigated. The role of coherent-coupling effects in the interpretation of optical Kerr data is outlined both experimentally and theoretically. >

Femtosecond optical Kerr studies on the origin of the nonlinear responses in simple liquids

The principles of crystal engineering have been used to design a family of structures with potential as octupolar nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. The major aim in such an exercise, a carry-over of molecular symmetry into the crystal, is possible with a retrosynthetic approach. An appropriate choice of precursor trigonal molecules leads from the concept of the dimeric Piedfort unit. The crystal structures and NLO properties of a series of 2,4,6-triaryloxy-1,3,5-triazines, 1−6, are reported. These compounds consistently form quasi-trigonal or trigonal networks that are two-dimensionally noncentrosymmetric. Substitutional variations on the phenyl moieties that were expected to maintain or to perturb this trigonal network have been explored. Molecular nonlinearities have been measured by Harmonic Light Scattering (HLS) experiments. Among the compounds studied, 2,4,6-triphenoxy-1,3,5-triazine, 1 adopts a noncentrosymmetric crystal structure with a measurable SHG powder signal. All these crystal structures a...

Crystal Engineering of Some 2,4,6-Triaryloxy-1,3,5-triazines: Octupolar Nonlinear Materials

One‐ and two‐color time‐domain probing of the resonant dichroic response of iodine in n‐hexane following femtosecond B‐X excitation at 580 nm is described. The detected signals contain both ground and excited state vibrational coherence contributions to the third‐order polarization. The dichroic response can be separated into positive and negative amplitude contributions: B‐X absorption and stimulated emission are positive but absorption from the B‐state can yield either positive or negative signals depending on the direction of the transition moment. Wave packet motion on both the ground and excited states of iodine is studied with a frequency tunable femtosecond probe. It is shown that the positive signals can be interpreted as B‐X dichroic response using the classical Franck principle. The classical Franck principle also provides information about the potential probed in absorption from the B state. From the probe wavelength dependent delay in the signal appearance, it is concluded that the absorptive signal for blue probe wavelengths arises from a repulsive state reached by solvent‐induced predissociation of the B state. Dephasing of B state vibrational coherence results from this solvent‐induced predissociation of iodine. We discuss the evolving reaction in terms of possible dissociative potential energy curves a1g(3Π) and a’0g+(3Σ−). The time evolution of the bluest probe dichroism signals is representative of continuing atom separation; the experiments have not yet probed large enough internuclear separations to evidence a buildup of dissociated product or momentum reversal, i.e., caging.

http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/grfgrp/Papers/1993%20Scherer%20JChemPhys99153.pdf

Femtosecond wave packet and chemical reaction dynamics of iodine in solution: Tunable probe study of motion along the reaction coordinate

Various configurations of three-wave parametric interactions are reported at the picosecond time scale, in 3-methyl-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide (POM) single crystals. Wavelength dispersion of phase-matched second-harmonic generation orientation is experimentally established within the 0.8-2 \mu m range using as fundamental input the idler and signal emissions of a picosecond LiIO 3 parametric emitter. Efficient parametric amplification is demonstrated: at degeneracy a gain of 103is measured for a pump intensity of 130 MW . cm-2at 0.53 μm and an input signal of 5 kW . cm-2at 1.06 μm. Single pass parametric emission is achieved, for the first time in an organic crystal, yielding 200 kW . cm-2at 1.06 μm, using the frequency-doubled output of a passively mode-locked YAG system. Both dispersion and interaction length dependence of the experimental gain are accounted for.

Optical parametric interactions in 3-methyl-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide (POM) single crystals

The effect of the free carriers generated by two-photon absorption in tellurium has been studied by using a CO 2 and a CO laser. Time and power dependence of the induced absorption has been measured, as well as the variation of the two-photon process with the wavelength of the CO laser. These observations confirm the assumptions of the analysis described in Part I.

Influence of two-photon absorption on second-harmonic generation in semiconductors - Part II: Measurement of two-photon absorption in tellurium

The competition between two-photon absorption and second-harmonic generation (SHG) in semiconductors is analyzed; particular attention is given to the linear absorption and change of phase-matching conditions caused by the two-photon induced free carriers. The system of equations is solved numerically in the case of tellurium, and this analysis enables prediction of an improvement of harmonic conversion efficiency when using shorter pulses.

Influence of two-photon absorption on second-harmonic generation in semiconductors - Part I: Theoretical analysis and application to the case of tellurium

The effect of parametric coupling between pump and probe beams in time-resolved optical Kerr effect is theoretically discussed for various experimental configurations. It is shown that with a cicularly polarized pump beam, the polarization changes induced on a nearly collinear probe beam are due to this coherence effect only. In other configurations, this parametric coupling can appear as an additional contribution to the observed signal, especially when pump and probe are derived from the same laser beam. It is pointed out that this coupling can occur not only when the pump and probe beams are at the same wavelength, but also when the difference or the sum of their frequencies can excite a Raman or a two-photon resonance in the medium.

Coherent phenomena involved in the time-resolved optical Kerr effect

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Papers

Optical parametric interactions in 3-methyl-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide (POM) single crystals

Influence of two-photon absorption on second-harmonic generation in semiconductors - Part II: Measurement of two-photon absorption in tellurium

Influence of two-photon absorption on second-harmonic generation in semiconductors - Part I: Theoretical analysis and application to the case of tellurium

Coherent phenomena involved in the time-resolved optical Kerr effect