We review recent progress in the study of parton propagation, interaction and fragmentation in both cold and hot strongly interacting matter. Experimental highlights on high-energy hadron production in deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering, proton-nucleus and heavy-ion collisions, as well as Drell-Yan processes in hadron-nucleus collisions are presented. The existing theoretical frameworks for describing the in-medium interaction of energetic partons and the space-time evolution of their fragmentation into hadrons are discussed and confronted to experimental data. We conclude with a list of theoretical and experimental open issues, and a brief description of future relevant experiments and facilities.

/pdf/parton-propagation-and-fragmentation-in-qcd-matter-xgrkd7eap6.pdf

Parton Propagation and Fragmentation in QCD Matter

https://cds.cern.ch/record/151503/files/198405179.pdf

Hadron production in 200 GeV μ-copper and μ-carbon deep inelastic interactions

A review of experimental results on structure functions extracted from high energy neutrino interactions is presented. The interpretation of these results in the framework of Quantum Chromodynamics is also discussed, together with their extrapolation to the collider energy domain and beyond.

Nucleon structure functions from neutrino scattering

The hadron formation is, in the framework of the quantum chromodynamics theory (QCD), a non-perturbative process; this characteristic leads to important theoretical challenges. This is why experimental measurements of fragmentation in nuclei are a necessity in order to obtain substantial progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of hadron formation. The thesis begins with the introduction of theoretical background, followed by an overview of theoretical models. The thesis continues with the analysis of Jefferson Lab data obtained with a 5 GeV electron beam incident on various targets ($^2$H, C, Al, Fe, Sn and Pb).The reaction products are measured with the CLAS spectrometer of Hall B. The main results are: (a) multi-dimensional analysis of the measured observables, which permits a better confrontation with theoretical models and the extraction of temporal information on fragmentation, and (b) the observation of a non linear hadronic attenuation as a function of the target's nuclear radius. The PyQM event generator, developed to reproduce the data from the HERMES collaboration, is also presented. The results are ambivalent, the theoretical basis used does not seem to apply to the studied case, however, some characteristics of the data are reproduced allowing to understand their origin, which is sometimes unexpected. Finally, the possibilities for future experiments, at Jefferson Lab and at an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), are explored.

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00670293/document

Quark Fragmentation and Hadron Formation in Nuclear Matter

The nucleon structure function, F/sub 2/, has been measured up to q/sup 2/ = 120 (GeV/c)/sup 2/ and for 40 < W/sup 2/ < 300 GeV/sup 2/. The data exhibit a significant pattern of scaling violation. Compared to lower-energy data, F/sub 2/ shows an observable increase of approx. 15% at high q/sup 2/ for x < 0.4. The pattern of the increase may accommodate a threshold in W or new theoretical parametrizations.

Measurement of Nucleon Structure Function in Muon Scattering at High $q^{2}$

An experimental search is presented for the existence of intra-nuclear cascading which, for small values of the Bjorken scaling variable ω, is the only mechanism of particle multiplication in the target nucleus. Our data indicate that cascading does exist as one of the effective mechanisms of particle multiplication in μ-nucleus collisions. No significant variation of the observed multiplicity with ω is observed.

Intra - nuclear cascading in deep inelastic scattering of 150 GeV muons in emulsion

Data from a new muon-nucleon scattering experiment includes 513 events, of which 449 are dimuons and 64 are trimuons. Conventional hadronic and electromagnetic processes account for less than 15% of these events. Model calculations suggest that the majority of the dimuons result from associated charm production with a total cross section of about 3 nb.

Multimuon final states in muon-nucleon scattering at 270 GeV

A technique for locating muon deep inelastic scattering events in a nuclear emulsion target

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Papers

Measurement of Nucleon Structure Function in Muon Scattering at High $q^{2}$

Intra - nuclear cascading in deep inelastic scattering of 150 GeV muons in emulsion

Multimuon final states in muon-nucleon scattering at 270 GeV

A technique for locating muon deep inelastic scattering events in a nuclear emulsion target