Many research groups reported on the relation between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood and worse prognosis for metastatic cancer patients. These results are based on CTCs counting and did not take into account molecular characteristics of cells. To establish CTCs as a reliable and accurate biological marker, new technologies must be focused on CTC subpopulations: dedifferentiated circulating tumor cells (ddCTCs) arising from epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). To select and detect them, different methods have been proposed but none has still reached the goal. Technical progress and translational research are expected to establish CTCs as a real marker. Thus CTC evaluation profiling for each patient will lead to personalize followup and therapy.

/pdf/epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-a-new-insight-into-the-v97cbfkkod.pdf

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition: A New Insight into the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is characterized by a combination of tumor growth, proliferation and metastatic progression and is typically managed with palliative intent. The benefit of standard systemic therapies is relatively limited and the disease is considered incurable suggesting the need to investigate the biological drivers of the various phases of the metastatic process in order to improve the selection of molecularly driven therapies. The detection, enumeration and molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide an intriguing opportunity to advance this knowledge. CTCs enumerated by the Food and Drugs Administration-cleared CellSearch® system are an independent prognostic factor of progressionfree survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in MBC patients. Several published papers demonstrated the poor prognosis for MBC patients that presented basal CTC count ≥5 in 7.5 mL of blood. Therefore, the enumeration of CTCs during treatment for MBC provides a tool with the ability to predict progression of disease earlier than standard timing of anatomical assessment using conventional radiological tests. During the metastatic process cancer cells exhibit morphological and phenotypic plasticity undergoing epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT). This important phenomenon is associated with down regulation of epithelial marker (e.g., EpCAM) with potential limitations in the applicability of current CTCs enrichment methods. Such observations translated in a number of investigations aimed at improving our capabilities to enumerate and perform molecular characterization of CTCs. Theoretically, the phenotypic analysis of CTCs can represent a “liquid” biopsy of breast tumor that is able to identify a new potential target against the metastatic disease and advanced the development and monitoring of personalized therapies.

/pdf/circulating-tumor-cells-ctcs-in-breast-cancer-a-diagnostic-16lv6l0v3m.pdf

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in breast cancer: a diagnostic tool for prognosis and molecular analysis

.............................................................................................xxi Chapter

An Optofluidic Lens Biochip and an x-ray Readable Blood Pressure Microsensor: Versatile Tools for in vitro and in vivo Diagnostics.

This paper presents the unique features of DEPArrayTM an automated system enabling image-based cell sorting with single-cell resolution and describes its potential application in the field of oncology.

/pdf/detection-and-isolation-of-circulating-tumor-cells-with-3voe3tnimb.pdf

Detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells with single-cell resolution: A successful lab-on-a-chip device

Currently the clinical management of breast cancer relies on relatively few prognostic/predictive clinical markers (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2), based on primary tumor biology. Circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may enhance our treatment options by focusing on the very cells that are the direct precursors of distant metastatic disease, and probably inherently different than the primary tumor's biology. To shift the current clinical paradigm, assessing tumor biology in real time by molecularly profiling CTCs or ctDNA may serve to discover therapeutic targets, detect minimal residual disease and predict response to treatment. This review serves to elucidate the detection, characterization, and clinical application of CTCs and ctDNA with the goal of precision treatment of breast cancer.

/pdf/the-potential-for-liquid-biopsies-in-the-precision-medical-47ht26168d.pdf

The potential for liquid biopsies in the precision medical treatment of breast cancer.

10616 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) offer the potential for serially monitoring the molecular profile of a tumor. However, enrichment techniques provide a level of purity problematic fo...

Use of the DEPArray platform to detect, isolate, and molecularly characterize pure tumor cells from peripheral blood samples enriched using the CellSearch system.

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Use of the DEPArray platform to detect, isolate, and molecularly characterize pure tumor cells from peripheral blood samples enriched using the CellSearch system.