High-fluoride (100 and 200 ppm) water was administered to rats orally to study the fluoride-induced changes on the thyroid hormone status, the histopathology of discrete brain regions, the acetylcholine esterase activity, and the learning and memory abilities in multigeneration rats. Significant decrease in the serum-free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels and decrease in acetylcholine esterase activity in fluoride-treated group were observed. Presence of eosinophilic Purkinje cells, degenerating neurons, decreased granular cells, and vacuolations were noted in discrete brain regions of the fluoride-treated group. In the T-maze experiments, the fluoride-treated group showed poor acquisition and retention and higher latency when compared with the control. The alterations were more profound in the third generation when compared with the first- and second-generation fluoride-treated group. Changes in the thyroid hormone levels in the present study might have imbalanced the oxidant/antioxidant system, which further led to a reduction in learning memory ability. Hence, presence of generational or cumulative effects of fluoride on the development of the offspring when it is ingested continuously through multiple generations is evident from the present study.

Fluoride Toxicity and Status of Serum Thyroid Hormones, Brain Histopathology, and Learning Memory in Rats: A Multigenerational Assessment

In order to assess the influence of dietary protein levels on the fluoride (F) bioavailability, 30 crossbred calves (6-8 months; approximately 104 kg BW) initially exposed to different dietary protein levels were allotted into six groups in a 3 × 2 factorial design. The factors included three different levels of protein viz. normal (100%; NP), low (75%; LP), and high (125%; HP) as per Kearl recommendations besides two levels of supplemental fluorine (as sodium fluoride) at 0 or 200 mg/kg diet. The animals were fed on the respective concentrate mixture and wheat straw for 210 days. A metabolism trial was conducted at 200 days post-feeding to study digestibility, plane of nutrition, and nutrient balances. The final body weight at the end of 210 days was lower (p < 0.01) in animals fed 200 mg/kg F (164.2 ± 8.92 kg) compared to those fed no F (200.7 ± 8.05 kg). Calves on LP diets attained lower (p < 0.05) average daily gain in comparison to NP or HP fed calves. The F-supplemented calves exhibited lower (p < 0.01) voluntary feed intake than their non-supplemented control. The digestibility of proximate nutrients other than ether extract exhibited higher (p < 0.01) values in F-fed calves attributable chiefly to reduced consumption of dry matter. The calves fed extra F retained lower mean daily nitrogen; calcium, and phosphorus compared to the calves fed no F. The mean daily intake, excretion, and retention of F were higher (p < 0.01) in the F-supplemented calves. A significant (p < 0.01) interaction between protein levels and F was evident in the urinary excretion of F; calves on LP diet exhibiting lower urinary excretion. Consequently, the bioavailability of F tended to be higher on LP than NP or HP diets. From the results, it is concluded that protein levels in the diet do not impart significant influence on susceptibility to fluorosis in crossbred calves. However, the bioavailability of F tended to increase on diets low in protein.

Effect of Long-term Fluoride Exposure on Growth, Nutrient Utilization and Fluoride Kinetics of Calves Fed Graded Levels of Dietary Protein

In order to compare the effects of addition of fluorine (F) in diets differing in protein content on the urinary F excretion, blood profile and thyroid hormones, 30 crossbred calves (6-8 months) initially exposed to different protein levels were allotted into six groups in a 3 × 2 factorial design The factors included three different levels of protein: normal (NP; 100%), low (LP; 75%), and high (HP; 125%) besides two levels of supplemental fluorine (as sodium fluoride) at 0 or 200 mg/kg diet The animals were fed a wheat straw-based diet for 210 d Feeding NP diets decreased urinary fluoride excretion, measured at 42 d intervals, compared with LP diets Blood levels of hemoglobin and haematocrit, measured at 70 d intervals, were not affected by either protein or fluorine levels, but period differences were apparent Serum levels of urea, alkaline phosphatase and F showed greater increase in groups supplemented with F than in those without it; however, serum calcium was higher in the latter Serum tri-iodo-thyronine and thyroxine levels were higher in HP and NP fed calves than animals on LP diets, respectively The animals fed LPF have higher urinary F as compared with animals fed NPF, but were not different from the group fed HPF The blood and serum variables indicated that there is no extra protection against susceptibility to F toxicity upon feeding of 25 percent higher protein than requirements

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbz/v42n10/a09v42n10.pdf

Effects of addition of fluorine in diets differing in protein content on urinary fluoride excretion, clinical chemistry and thyroid hormones in calves


This study aimed to investigate the effect of the fluorosis on the reproductive and thyroid disorders through its biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in one of fluoride endemic area in Egypt. They carried out on forty adult ewes and does which grouped into two groups. The 1st group (20 animals: 10 ewes and 10 does) was control group that brought from the Animal Reproduction Research Institute farm. The 2nd group was a fluoride group (20 animals: 10 ewes and 10 does) that brought from abattoir and farms in Alexandria dessert way, North cost and Alexandria Governorate. Excess water fluorosis (2.9 mg/L) caused a significant (p

Effect of Excess Fluoride on Reproductive Potentials in Farm Animals (Ovine)

Raghavendra Mitta*, Ravindra Reddy Kandula, Raghuveer Yadav Pulala & Narasimha Jayaveera Korlakunta Department of Pharmacology, CMR College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad-501 401, Telangana, India Department of Pharmaceutics, P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa-516 003, Andhra Pradesh, India Department of Biotechnology, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool-518 002, Andhra Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, VEMU Institute of Technology, P. Kothakota-517 112, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India

/pdf/alleviatory-effects-of-hydroalcoholic-extract-of-brassica-3hu4xvpb8f.pdf

Alleviatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis leaves against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress on male Wistar rats

Twelve male buffalo calves of 10 to 12 months of age were divided into 3 groups of four each They were fed wheat straw+concentrate mixture +3 Kg greens The chemical composition of the diet was same in all the three groups except fluoride which was added (as NaF) in concentrate mixture of group B and C to make the final fluoride concentration 30 ppm and 60 ppm respectively The animals were kept on scheduled diet for a period of 90 days Body weights were recorded at the start of the experiment and at fortnightly interval thereafter Analysis of data revealed that the dry matter intake decreased non significantly in group B and C as compared to control group A significant decrease in serum calcium and a significant increase in phosphorus concentration were observed in group C animals A significant increase was observed in alkaline phosphatase activity in group C animals A non significant decrease was observed in T4 values in group C animals On the basis of these results it could be concluded that fluoride in the diet of buffalo calves @ 30 ppm is a safe level whereas 60 ppm has affected the blood metabolites

Growth, feed efficiency and blood profile of buffalo calves consuming high levels of fluoride: growth and blood metabolites in buffaloes fed high fluoride.

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Growth, feed efficiency and blood profile of buffalo calves consuming high levels of fluoride: growth and blood metabolites in buffaloes fed high fluoride.