Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorumc quae in Expenditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Sententrionalemc a Republica Federata missac Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibusc observavit et descripsitp Pars IIIp Crustacea Maioidea

Family Calcinidae is a hermit crab family morphologically diverged from Diogenidae. Calcinus is a type genus of Calcinidae. It inhabits tropical coral reefs with a colorful body. Among them, C. vachoni was firstly collected in southern Korea. Herein, this study reports Korean C. vachoni with its morphological, ecological, and molecular characteristics. Morphological characteristics of 12 C. vachoni caught on Jeju Island were examined. Ecological characteristics of C. vachoni were reviewed briefly and cox1 DNA barcoding analysis of five Korean C. vachoni was conducted with 16 species, 5 genera, and 3 families of Micronesia and GenBank hermit crab data. Korean C. vachoni has 13 pairs of gills, a larger left cheliped than the right one, a broad triangular rostrum, a few tufts of setae on ventral margins of dactyl and propodus of the first ambulatory leg, and cream dactyl and bluish-gray propodi of pereopods identical to the original description and previous studies. The cox1 sequences of Korean C. vachoni were monophyletic with cox1 sequences of C. vachoni in GenBank. Calcinus vachoni sequences were divided into three groups regarded as cryptic species. They were correlated with geographical distance as in the previous study. The review of ecological characteristics of C. vachoni shows that it inhabits nearby coral which might have a symbiotic relationship. The habitat of C. vachoni was extended to the northwest which could be related to recent climate change. In this study, the tropical hermit crab genus Calcinus and Family Calcinidae were first reported in Korea. For molecular identification, the cox1 sequences of Korean C. vachoni and other tropical hermit crabs in Kosrae, Micronesia were first obtained and analyzed by this study. In addition, the cryptic diversity of C. vachoni groups noted in the previous study was reviewed and expanded their geographical range. Furthermore, we suggested the association relationship between C. vachoni and corals for the first time. 

The first report of tropical hermit crab Calcinus vachoni (Malacostraca, Decapoda, Calcinidae) in Korea and the preliminary revision of its cryptic diversity

Pagurus is the most diverse hermit crab genus in Korea. In this study, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA of 24 individuals from four Korean Pagurus species (i.e., 7 Pagurus brachiomastus, 8 P. proximus, 8 P. simulans, and 1 P. rectidactylus) were sequenced and analyzed. No genetic difference was found between the COI and 16S rRNA sequences of P. brachiomastus and P. simulans, and the COI sequences of P. rectidactylus and P. quinquelineatus (comparative species from NCBI). Considering the morphological and ecological characteristics together, we assume that P. simulans and P. rectidactylus are subspecies of P. brachiomastus and P. quinquelineatus, respectively. This study should facilitate further research on the taxonomic status of these species.

Reassessment of the Taxonomic Status of Four Pagurus Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae) in Korea Using DNA Barcoding

Calcinus is the colorful hermit crab genus belonging to the family Diogenidae and is often found in coral reefs of the tropical Indo-West Pacific region, including southern Honshu, Japan, which is the northern limit of their occurrence.In the present study, we found C. vachoni for the first time in the intertidal zone of Jeju Island-the southernmost island of South Korea.We examined their morphology and provided a diagnosis of their morphological details with illustrations.In addition, the Korean Calcinus population was genetically characterized using mtDNA cox1 sequences and by placing them into three previously reported regional haplogroups.The phylogenetic tree from maximum likelihood analysis revealed that Korean C. vachoni is assigned to the C. vachoni haplogroups exclusively, one of the three well-supported mitochondrial haplogroups with distinct geographic ranges (i.e., C .vachoni, C. aff.vachoni Cooks, and C. aff.vachoni Mascarenes).This result provides new information on the species distribution of C.vachoni, extending their geographic range further north into the southern coast of Korea.In this study, we also first report the potential association of C. vachoni with their co-occurring colonial anemone species Palythoa aff.mutuki and dead coral head of Pocillopora species based on our on-site observation and a public coral collection database of Calcinus species.However, their ecological association with co-occurring coral species is putatively assumed for now and therefore has to be validated by compelling evidence from further field observation and experimental studies (i.e., whether the presence/absence of colonial anemones affects the behavior and survival of the hermit crabs). 

pdf/peer-review-1-of-morphological-and-molecular-analysis-of-the-2ncy52fsmd.pdf

Peer Review #1 of "Morphological and molecular analysis of the tropical hermit crab Calcinus vachoni (Decapoda, Diogenidae) and its potential association with colonial anemone (v0.2)"

pdf/peer-review-1-of-morphological-and-molecular-analysis-of-the-4h1ltkmyid.pdf

Peer Review #1 of "Morphological and molecular analysis of the tropical hermit crab Calcinus vachoni (Decapoda, Diogenidae) and its potential association with colonial anemone (v0.3)"

Two pagurid species, Pagurus quinquelineatus Komai, 2003 and Pagurus rectidactylus Komai, Saito & Myorin, 2015, are reported from South Korea. Pagurus nigrivittatus is most similar to these two species among the congeneric species known from South Korea. The additional morphological differences between P. quinquelineatus and P. rectidactylus are provided briefly. The most distinct feature of the South Korean P. rectidactylus compared to the original description is that an associated hydrozoan, Hydrissa sodalis (Stimpson, 1858) instead of Bouillonactinia misakiensis (Iwasa, 1934) is responsible for the carcinoecia. The association of H. sodalis with other hermit crabs in South Korea was investigated.

First record of two species of hermit crabs (Decapoda, Paguridae) from South Korea, with remarks on the associated hydrozoan, Hydrissa sodalis

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First record of two species of hermit crabs (Decapoda, Paguridae) from South Korea, with remarks on the associated hydrozoan, Hydrissa sodalis