Nuclear fission is hindered by dissipation. Using the stochastic Langevin model, we calculate the drop of fission cross sections caused by friction with respect to its standard statistical-model values, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{f}^{\mathrm{drop}}$, as a function of the presadde dissipation strength $(\ensuremath{\beta})$ for $^{226}\mathrm{U}$, $^{234}\mathrm{U}$, and $^{242}\mathrm{U}$. It is shown that the sensitivity of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{f}^{\mathrm{drop}}$ to $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is substantially enhanced with increasing the isospin of the U fissioning system. Furthermore, we find that under typical conditions of excitation energy and angular momentum populating $^{240}\mathrm{U}$ (via radioactive beams) and $^{200}\mathrm{Tl}$ (via stable beams), the fission cross section of the high-isospin heavy $^{240}\mathrm{U}$ demonstrates a greater sensitivity to friction than that of the light $^{200}\mathrm{Tl}$. Our findings suggest that on the experimental side, to accurately probe presaddle dissipation with fission cross sections of heavy nuclei, it is useful to choose radioactive nuclear beams induced reactions as a way to populate excited heavy fissioning systems with high isospin.

Fission cross sections of heavy nuclei as a probe of nuclear dissipation

A delayed fission due to nuclear dissipation results in a drop of first-chance fission probability (${P}_{f0}$) with respect to predictions by standard statistical models. Using the stochastic Langevin model, we calculate ${P}_{f0}$ as a function of presaddle dissipation strength ($\ensuremath{\beta}$) for fissioning nuclei $^{220}\mathrm{U}$, $^{230}\mathrm{U}$, $^{240}\mathrm{U}$, and $^{240}\mathrm{Cm}$. We find that with decreasing the isospin of the U nucleus, the sensitivity of ${P}_{f0}$ to $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is substantially enhanced, and that low-isospin $^{240}\mathrm{Cm}$ exhibits a significantly larger dependence on $\ensuremath{\beta}$ than high-isospin $^{240}\mathrm{U}$. Furthermore, it is shown that ${P}_{f0}$ becomes more sensitive to $\ensuremath{\beta}$ at low energy. These findings suggest that to accurately probe presaddle dissipation properties with first-chance fission probability, on the experimental side, it is best to produce those heavy fissioning systems with small isospin and low excitation energy. 

Isospin effect on first-chance fission probability

Nuclear reaction and structure studies using experimental facilities at Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC)

The fusion evaporation residue (ER) excitation function has been measured for $^{35,37}\mathrm{Cl}+^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ reactions at energies above the Coulomb barrier. The measurements were performed using the HYbrid Recoil mass Analyzer at IUAC, New Delhi. Comparable ER cross sections have been observed in both reactions and there is no isotopic dependence. Measured ER cross sections were compared with theoretical calculations employing the dinuclear system model at projectile and target nuclei interaction and statistical model for the deexcitation of the formed compound nucleus. Larger ER cross sections at the complete deexcitation cascade of the formed compound nucleus are noticed in both reactions at higher excitation energies $({E}^{*}g80 \mathrm{MeV})$ over the calculated results. Fusion probability varies from $95%$ to $40%$ in the excitation energy range of the study. No appreciable difference in the fusion probability is noticed in the two reactions. Comparison of our results with other reactions populating $^{216}\mathrm{Th}$ shows a very strong entrance channel dependence.

Fusion studies in Cl 35 , 37 + Ta 181 reactions via evaporation residue cross section measurements

Effects of isospin and shell on probing nuclear dissipation with survival probabilities of heavy systems

Evaporation-residue-gated spin distribution measurements of the highly fissile compound nucleus *224 Th through 16 O+ 208 Pb and 18 O+ 206 Pb reactions

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Evaporation-residue-gated spin distribution measurements of the highly fissile compound nucleus *224 Th through 16 O+ 208 Pb and 18 O+ 206 Pb reactions