The ideal drug delivery system has a bioavailability comparable to parenteral dosage forms but is as convenient and easy to use for the patient as oral solid dosage forms. In recent years, there has been increased interest in transdermal drug delivery (TDD) as a non-invasive delivery approach that is generally regarded as being easy to administer to more vulnerable age groups, such as paediatric and geriatric patients, while avoiding certain bioavailability concerns that arise from oral drug delivery due to poor absorbability and metabolism concerns. However, despite its many merits, TDD remains restricted to a select few drugs. The physiology of the skin poses a barrier against the feasible delivery of many drugs, limiting its applicability to only those drugs that possess physicochemical properties allowing them to be successfully delivered transdermally. Several techniques have been developed to enhance the transdermal permeability of drugs. Both chemical (e.g., thermal and mechanical) and passive (vesicle, nanoparticle, nanoemulsion, solid dispersion, and nanocrystal) techniques have been investigated to enhance the permeability of drug substances across the skin. Furthermore, hybrid approaches combining chemical penetration enhancement technologies with physical technologies are being intensively researched to improve the skin permeation of drug substances. This review aims to summarize recent trends in TDD approaches and discuss the merits and drawbacks of the various chemical, physical, and hybrid approaches currently being investigated for improving drug permeability across the skin.

/pdf/beneath-the-skin-a-review-of-current-trends-and-future-1qm6qtzn.pdf

Beneath the Skin: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Introduction: Skin is an important route of drug delivery for the treatment of various dermatological conditions. The advent of nanotechnology is paving the roadmaps for topical drug delivery by pr...

Nanocrystal: a novel approach to overcome skin barriers for improved topical drug delivery

Licorice: Resources, applications in ancient and modern times.

Pharmaceutical nanocrystals: A promising approach for improved topical drug delivery.

Nanocarrier technology has been effectively applied to the development of drug delivery systems to overcome the limitations of traditional preparation. Its application has been extended to various pharmaceutical fields from injection preparation to oral preparation and external preparation, and now it has appeared in the field of cosmetics for beauty applications. The widespread influence of nanocarrier in the cosmetics industry is due to the fact that nanocarrier can effectively promote the percutaneous penetration and significantly increase skin retention of active components in functional cosmetics. Meanwhile, nanocarrier can effectively improve the water dispersion of insoluble active cosmetic ingredients, enhance the stability of efficacy components and achieve the codelivery of diverse cosmetics active ingredients. In this review, we summarized the current progress of nanocarrier technology in the functional cosmetics, including the types and the routes of dermal/transdermal drug delivery nanocarriers used in the functional cosmetics, the mechanism of nanocarriers promoting the percutaneous penetration of active cosmetic ingredients, the application and efficacy evaluation of different active cosmetic ingredients in nanocarriers and discussing the potential risks to human. This will provide a useful reference for the further development of nanocarriers in the field of functional cosmetics.

/pdf/current-advances-of-nanocarrier-technology-based-active-3a3gpdil92.pdf

Current Advances of Nanocarrier Technology-Based Active Cosmetic Ingredients for Beauty Applications.

Glabridin, a polyphenolic flavonoid from licorice, has inspired great interest for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and skin-lightening activities. However, low water solubility and poor stability of glabridin impedes its topical application in cosmetic products and therapies of dermal diseases. The purpose of this study was to develop a nanosuspension formulation of glabridin to improve its skin permeation. Glabridin nanosuspensions were prepared using anti-solvent precipitation-homogenization method, and Box-Behnken design was adopted to investigate the effects of crucial formulation variables on particle size and to optimize the nanosuspension formulation. The optimal formulation consisted of 0.25% glabridin, 0.47% Poloxamer 188 and 0.11% Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, and the obtained nanosuspension showed an average particle size of 149.2 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.254. Furthermore, the nanosuspension exhibited significantly enhanced drug permeation flux of glabridin through rat skin with no lag phase both in vitro and in vivo, compared to the coarse suspension and physical mixture. The glabridin nanosuspension showed no significant particle aggregates and a drug loss of 5.46% after storage for 3 months at room temperature. With its enhanced skin penetration, the nanosuspension might be a more preferable formulation for topical administration of poorly soluble glabridin.

Glabridin nanosuspension for enhanced skin penetration: formulation optimization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

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Glabridin nanosuspension for enhanced skin penetration: formulation optimization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation.