The various application possibilities of microscopic x-ray fluorescence and associated methods for the characterization and provenance analysis of objects and materials of cultural heritage value are discussed by means of a number of case studies. They include the trace analysis of historic glass, the analysis of corroded coins and statues in bronze and silver and the study of inks on historical documents. These studies are conducted by means of micro-XRF instruments installed at synchrotron beamlines and by means of laboratory equipment, some of which is easily transportable to the museum or archaeological site where the objects of interest are located. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Use of microscopic XRF for non‐destructive analysis in art and archaeometry

Applications of Synchrotron-Based X-ray Microprobes

Recent developments in spectroscopic imaging techniques for historical paintings - A review

Application of chemometric methods to XRF-data – A tutorial review

Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis (μ-XRF) is one of the newest branches of XRF, which has developed very rapidly since 1990. In this review, we first discuss a number of papers that describe advances in instrumentation and (calibration) methods that can contribute towards more reliable quantitative analysis using μ-XRF. This first part also includes recent papers that aim to characterize the heterogeneity of standards useful for calibrating μ-XRF set-ups. We then present a short overview of recently published papers in which the (semi-)quantitative nature of μ-XRF is exploited, including studies in which μ-XRF is compared to other microanalytical methods providing compositional information or is used in combination with other methods in order to characterize materials more completely.

Recent trends in quantitative aspects of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis

The combined use of principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering (KMC) for the segmentation and (semi-)quantitative calibration of multivariate μ-XRF data sets is proposed and evaluated. The usefulness of the method is compared with that of using PCA or KMC separately by discussing image sets derived from geological and archeometric samples.

Automated segmentation of μ‐XRF image sets

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Automated segmentation of μ‐XRF image sets