Interest in the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment for agricultural commodities is growing worldwide, particularly since publication of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) standard that endorses and facilitates trade based on this disinfestation method. Irradiation is broadly effective against insects and mites at doses that do not compromise quality of most commodities. Unlike other disinfestation techniques, irradiation does not need to kill the pest immediately to provide quarantine security, and therefore live but sterile or not viable insects may occur with the exported commodity making inspection for the target pests redundant. Generic irradiation treatments have been approved in the USA to control broad groups of insects in all commodities. The approved generic doses are 150 Gy for tephritid fruit flies and 400 Gy for all insects except Lepidoptera pupae and adults (which may require higher doses). Generic irradiation treatments will accelerate the approval of irradiation quarantine treatments for specific crops and expedite new trade in agricultural products because research will no longer be needed for each quarantine pest and commodity. The availability of generic treatments makes irradiation an attractive option compared with other quarantine treatments.

Irradiation for postharvest control of quarantine insects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on survivability (adult emergence, sex ratio, adult longevity), fecundity (eggs hatchability, number of eggs produced), and morphological differences in the size of the ovary and testes of unirradiated and irradiated adults of Oriental fruit fly [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)]. A dose of 100 Gy was determined as the minimum needed for inhibitory effects against B. dorsalis that would not deter adult emergence, sex ratio (male:female), and adult longevity, with 82.6 ±7.02, 1:1.09, and 107 ± 24.5, respectively. Doses from 50 to 400 Gy range did not completely prevent the adult emergence; however, the emergence decreased by increasing the radiation dose. Adult survivability significantly decreased among all the treatment groups of B. dorsalis, except for the 50 Gy and unirradiated flies. At a dose of 50 Gy, fertile females showed a significant reduction in fecundity by not producing eggs after mating with the sterile males. Meanwhile, the number of eggs laid decreased with increasing dose and no fertile egg was hatched starting at 100 Gy of irradiation. Testes and ovaries of 20-d old flies irradiated as pupae were smaller than those of control flies. In this study, 100 Gy was concluded as the minimum effective dose for the disinfestation and sterilization of B. dorsalis puparia. Results represent new findings used as a basis for sterile insect technique and quarantine programs for managing B. dorsalis, particularly in Malaysia.

Effect of Irradiating Puparia of Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Adult Survival and Fecundity for Sterile Insect Technique and Quarantine Purposes.

The African invader fly, Bactrocera invadens, an invasive pest in Africa since 2003, causes damage and poses a threat to the mango and horticultural industry. Its control is therefore needed. Sterilization of males using gamma radiation doses (25, 50 and 75 Gy) as a means of population control was investigated. Irradiation at the pupal stage (about 6 days after pupation) was found to be suitable. It was observed that a gamma radiation dose of 75 Gy rendered males of B. invadens completely sterile, while doses of 25 and 50 Gy induced partial sterility in the males. Females were made completely sterile by all doses of radiation tested.

	 

	Key words: Bactrocera invadens, mango, gamma radiation doses, Sterile Insect Technique, fertility.

/pdf/gamma-radiation-sterilization-of-bactrocera-invadens-diptera-2klvzc76es.pdf

Gamma radiation sterilization of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from southern Ghana

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major fruit pest, which is basicaly controlled using insecticides, which represents a risk to beneficial arthropods, human health and food contamination. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a potential alternative tool for the management of this pest, however, only conflicting data is found regarding the optimal dose to achieve sterility. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of gamma radiation doses (0, 40, 50, 60 and 70 Gy) on male and female reproductive sterility, gonads morphometry, emergence, flight ability, and longevity under nutritional stress of A. fraterculus. Full female sterility was achieved at 50 Gy, while full male sterility was achieved at 70 Gy. Both ovarian and testicular sizes were affected by irradiation, while no influence was observed on the quality parameters evaluated. Our results suggest that 70 Gy applied 48 h before adult emergence can be used to sterilize A. fraterculus in a SIT programme.

/pdf/impact-of-gamma-radiation-dose-on-sterility-and-quality-28ixvngknb.pdf

Impact of gamma radiation dose on sterility and quality parameters of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Tephritid-Related Databases

In a database cataloguing radiation doses for arthropod sterilization and disinfestation, out of 65 entries on Diptera species from 16 families and 22 genera, 21 species belong to the Tephritidae, confirming the importance of this group in pest management and international trade in agricultural commodities. Following Tephritidae are Culicidae (15 species), Glossinidae (6), Muscidae (6), Calliphoridae (5), Drosophilidae (1), Anthomyiidae (1), Oestridae (2), Agromyzidae (2), Chloropidae (1), Piophilidae (1), Cuterebridae (1), Psilidae (1), Sarcophagidae (1), Sciaridae (1) and Tachinidae (1). The 21 species of Tephritidae belong to five genera, with Bactrocera having the largest number of species (9) being the subject of studies on sterility induction for pest control,followed by Anastrepha (6 species), Rhagoletis (3), Ceratitis (2) and Dacus (1). The mean dose to induce sterilization in Tephritidae is 65 Gy, which reflects an intermediate sensitivity to radiation compared toother Dipteran families. In general, the Tephritidae are a relatively homogeneous group. Less than 100 Gy is needed to achieve complete sterility in the five genera, and this confirms the recommendation of a generic dose in the range of 100–150 Gy to disinfest agricultural commodities for international trade.

http://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/naipc/ididas/Relevant%20Library/Bakri%20Radiation%20doses.pdf

Radiation doses for sterilization of tephritid fruit flies.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

J. Hendrichs

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Radiation doses for sterilization of tephritid fruit flies.