Many of the properties of austempered ductile iron depend on the austenite which is retained following the bainite reaction. A neural network model within a Bayesian framework has been created using published data to model the retained austenite content. The model allows the quantity of retained austenite to be estimated as a function of the chemical composition and heat treatment parameters. The computer programs associated with the work have been made freely available ( http //www.msm.cam.ac.uk/map/mapmain.html )

Estimation of the amount of retained austenite in austempered ductile irons using neural networks

Effect of sliding speed and contact pressure on the oxidative wear of austempered ductile iron

An unalloyed ductile iron containing 3.42 C wt.%, 2.63 Si wt.% and 0.318 Mn wt.% was intercritically austenitized in two-phase region (α + γ) at various temperatures of 795 °C, and 815 °C for 20 min and then quenched into salt bath held at austempering temperature of 365 °C for various times to obtain austempered ductile iron (ADI) with different ausferrite volume fractions distributed in soft proeutectoid ferrite matrix. Some samples were also conventionally austempered for comparison reason. For austempered samples, the tensile strength and hardness decreased with increasing the austempering time, whereas the elongation increased considerably. In addition, the abrasive wear behavior of as cast and ADI's with dual matrix structure was studied under different loads without lubrication. It was found that the wear resistance of ADI with dual matrix structure was superior to that of as cast iron. Among the austempered samples, the lowest weight loss was observed for conventionally austempered samples with its wholly ausferritic structure throughout the specimen while the highest weight loss was obtained for the samples having the lowest ausferrite volume fractions in those samples with dual matrix structures. Moreover, wear resistance increased with increasing ausferrite volume fraction and decreasing austempering time in all tested samples.

Wear behavior of austempered ductile irons with dual matrix structures

An investigation was carried out to examine the influence of austempering temperature on microstructural parameters and the wear behaviour of austempered ductile iron. Ductile iron was austenitised at 900 °C for 30 min and austempered for 2 h at 260, 280, 300, 320, 350, 380 and 400 °C. Resulting microstructures were characterised through optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Wear test was carried out using a pin-on-disc machine with sliding speed of 289 m min−1. Coarse ausferrite microstructure exhibited higher wear rate than fine ausferrite microstructure. At high austempering temperature large amounts of austenite was instrumental in improving the wear resistance through formation of deformation induced martensite. Study of the wear surface under scanning electron microscope showed that, under dry sliding condition, wear occurred mainly due to adhesion and delamination. Wear rate was found to be dependent on the yield strength, austenite content and its carbon content.

Study of wear behaviour of austempered ductile iron

Wear resistance of Cu–Ni–Mo austempered ductile iron

Manganese is an inexpensive element and a potent hardenability promoter in ductile iron, but in this role it has the inherent limitations of severe segregation and carbide formation tendencies. In order to use this material in an actual application, attempts must be made to overcome these limitations. In the present work, the effect of austempering time and austenitising temperature on the impact strength and abrasive wear resistance of 1.5Mn austempered ductile iron (ADI) after austempering at 270°C is investigated. The results show that impact resistance is affected adversely by untransformed austenite volume but this parameter improves the wear resistance of high Mn ADI.

Wear behaviour of 1.5Mn austel11pered ductile iron

Manganese is known as an inexpensive element and a potent promoter of hardenabilty in ductile iron but it also segregates severely and encourages the formation of carbides in the matrix. Thus, it is suggested that when the Mn content is high, attempts should be made to minimise the Mn segregation. In the present work the effect of solidification rate and homogenisation treatment on the severity of segregation of Mn and Si in several types of wear resistant high Mn ductile iron was investigated. It is demonstrated that increasing the solidification rate, leading to a high nodule count, decreases not only the heterogeneity of these elements but also the carbide content.

Microsegregation of manganese and silicon in high manganese ductile iron

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Wear behaviour of 1.5Mn austel11pered ductile iron

Microsegregation of manganese and silicon in high manganese ductile iron