http://nuclear.korea.ac.kr/~bhong/class/WhitePaper_BRAHMS_RUN1-3.pdf

Quark gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The Perspective from the BRAHMS experiment

We review the theoretical background, experimental techniques, and phenomenology of what is known in relativistic heavy ion physics as the Glauber model, which is used to calculate geometric quantities. A brief history of the original Glauber model is presented, with emphasis on its development into the purely classical, geometric picture used for present-day data analyses. Distinctions are made between the optical limit and Monte Carlo approaches, which are often used interchangeably but have some essential differences in particular contexts. The methods used by the four RHIC experiments are compared and contrasted, although the end results are reassuringly similar for the various geometric observables. Finally, several important RHIC measurements are highlighted that rely on geometric quantities, estimated from Glauber calculations, to draw insight from experimental observables. The status and future of Glauber modeling in the next generation of heavy ion physics studies is briefly discussed.

/pdf/glauber-modeling-in-high-energy-nuclear-collisions-2ns5ksc64e.pdf

Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions

This is a review of the theoretical background, experimental techniques, and phenomenology of what is called the "Glauber Model" in relativistic heavy ion physics. This model is used to calculate "geometric" quantities, which are typically expressed as impact parameter (b), number of participating nucleons (N_part) and number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions (N_coll). A brief history of the original Glauber model is presented, with emphasis on its development into the purely classical, geometric picture that is used for present-day data analyses. Distinctions are made between the "optical limit" and Monte Carlo approaches, which are often used interchangably but have some essential differences in particular contexts. The methods used by the four RHIC experiments are compared and contrasted, although the end results are reassuringly similar for the various geometric observables. Finally, several important RHIC measurements are highlighted that rely on geometric quantities, estimated from Glauber calculations, to draw insight from experimental observables. The status and future of Glauber modeling in the next generation of heavy ion physics studies is briefly discussed.

This article reviews our present understanding of QCD spin physics: the proton spin puzzle and new developments aimed at understanding the transverse structure of the nucleon. Present experimental investigations of the nucleon's internal spin structure, the theoretical interpretation of the different measurements, and the open questions and challenges for future investigation are discussed.

/pdf/the-spin-structure-of-the-nucleon-4938rrpltt.pdf

The Spin Structure of the Nucleon

We report on a study of the transverse momentum dependence of nuclear modification factors ${R}_{d\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}}$ for charged hadrons produced in $\mathrm{\text{deuteron}}\text{ }\text{ }+\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{\text{gold}}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$, as a function of collision centrality and of the pseudorapidity ($\ensuremath{\eta}=0$, 1, 2.2, 3.2) of the produced hadrons. We find a significant and systematic decrease of ${R}_{d\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}}$ with increasing rapidity. The midrapidity enhancement and the forward rapidity suppression are more pronounced in central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. These results are relevant to the study of the possible onset of gluon saturation at energies reached at BNL RHIC.

On the evolution of the nuclear modification factors with rapidity and centrality in d + Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GeV

The 2×3 channel pseudo Vertex Position Detector (pVPD) in the STAR experiment at RHIC has been upgraded to a 2×19 channel detector in the same acceptance, called the Vertex Position Detector (VPD). This detector is fully integrated into the STAR trigger system and provides the primary input to the minimum-bias trigger in Au+Au collisions. The information from the detector is used both in the STAR Level-0 trigger and offline to measure the location of the primary collision vertex along the beam pipe and the event “start time” needed by other fast-timing detectors in STAR. The offline timing resolution of single detector channels in full-energy Au+Au collisions is ~100 ps, resulting in a start time resolution of a few tens of picoseconds and a resolution on the primary vertex location of ~1 cm.

The STAR Vertex Position Detector

The BRAHMS experiment at RHIC was conceived to pursue the understanding of nuclear matter under extreme conditions by detailed measurements of charged hadrons over the widest possible range of rapidity and transverse momentum. The experiment consists of two spectrometers with complementary charged hadron detection capabilities as well as a series of global detectors for event characterization. A series of tracking detectors, time-of-flight arms and Cherenkov detectors enables momentum determination and particle identification over a wide range of rapidity and transverse momentum. Technical details and performance results are presented for the various detector subsystems. The performance of the entire system working together is shown to meet the goals of the experiment.

https://www4.rcf.bnl.gov/brahms/WWW/pubs/NIM_A499_437.pdf

The BRAHMS experiment at RHIC

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The STAR Vertex Position Detector

The BRAHMS experiment at RHIC