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Microscopy Society of America

The crystal structure and chemical bonding of magnetron-sputtering deposited nickel carbide Ni$_{1-x}$C$_{x}$ (0.05$\leq$x$\leq$0.62) thin films have been investigated by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. By using X-ray as well as electron diffraction, we found carbon-containing hcp-Ni (hcp-NiC$_{y}$ phase), instead of the expected rhombohedral-Ni$_{3}$C. At low carbon content (4.9 at\%) the thin film consists of hcp-NiC$_{y}$ nanocrystallites mixed with a smaller amount of fcc-NiC$_{x}$. The average grain size is about 10-20 nm. With the increase of carbon content to 16.3 at\%, the film contains single-phase hcp-NiC$_{y}$ nanocrystallites with expanded lattice parameters. With further increase of carbon content to 38 at\%, and 62 at\%, the films transform to X-ray amorphous materials with hcp-NiC$_{y}$ and fcc-NiC$_{x }$ nanodomain structures in an amorphous carbon-rich matrix. Raman spectra of carbon indicate dominant $sp^{2}$ hybridization, consistent with photoelectron spectra that show a decreasing amount of C-Ni phase with increasing carbon content. The Ni $3d$ - C $2p$ hybridization in the hexagonal structure gives rise to the salient double-peak structure in Ni $2p$ soft X-ray absorption spectra at 16.3 at\% that changes with carbon content. We also show that the resistivity is not only governed by the amount of carbon, but increases by more than a factor of two when the samples transform from crystalline to amorphous.

Crystallization characteristics and chemical bonding properties of nickel carbide thin film nanocomposites

Biopolymers have already been widely used to control the growth of inorganic particles. However, some of these natural macromolecules present an intrinsic chemical and structural variability that may influence their templating efficiency. We have therefore compared the ability of three different sources of alginate to control the formation of Co, Ni, and CoNi nanoparticles. Variations in particle size, structure, and magnetic properties were observed depending on the alginate composition. The more stable gels allowed the formation of CoxNi100-x nanoalloys over the whole solid solution domain. Moreover, these networks stabilize Ni nanoparticles in an unusual hexagonal compact phase. These results could be related to the strength of the metal−alginate gels and hence to the metal ion coordination within the polymer network. They also point out some possible limitations in the use of natural polymers for biocomposite design.

Alginate-Mediated Growth of Co, Ni, and CoNi Nanoparticles: Influence of the Biopolymer Structure

The crystal structure and chemical bonding of magnetron-sputtering deposited nickel carbide Ni1−xCx (0.05≤x≤0.62) thin films have been investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, transmissio ...

This work was supported by MOE under AcRF Tier 2 (ARC 26/13, No. MOE2013-T2-1-034), AcRF Tier 1 (RG 61/12, RGT18/13, and RG5/13), and Start-Up Grant (M4080865.070.706022).

Synthesis of ultrathin face-centered-cubic au@pt and au@pd core-shell nanoplates from hexagonal-close-packed au square sheets.

Nucleation and growth of metal particles on oxide surface is of theoretical and practical interest. Ni film has been grown on MgO [1], but its growth behavior at early stage has never been studied. In the present work, the nucleation and growth of epitaxial nanosized Ni particles on MgO (001) surface was investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A hexagonal closepacked (hcp) structure of element Ni was discovered and its subsequent transition to face centered cubic (fcc) structure was observed.[2]

/pdf/growth-and-structural-evolution-of-nanosized-ni-on-001-mgo-4jlcaodl0c.pdf

Growth and Structural Evolution of Nanosized Ni on (001) MgO by in situ TEM

We report the in situ microscopy observation of an unnatural phase of Ni, a highly strained hexagonal close-packed (hcp) form which we believe is stabilized by heteroepitaxial growth on the (001) face of MgO. We find that the nanosized hcp nickel islands transform into the normal face-centered cubic structure when the size of the islands exceeds a critical value (about 2.5 nm thick with a lateral size of ∼5nm). The structural transition proceeds via a martensitic change in the stacking sequence of the close-packed planes. The formation of hcp Ni nanostructures with an unusually large crystallographic c∕a ratio (∼6% larger than ideal hcp) is very interesting for spintronic and recording applications where large uniaxial anisotropies are desirable.

/pdf/hexagonal-close-packed-ni-nanostructures-grown-on-the-001-3r9i85mwuq.pdf

Hexagonal close-packed Ni nanostructures grown on the (001) surface of MgO

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Growth and Structural Evolution of Nanosized Ni on (001) MgO by in situ TEM

Hexagonal close-packed Ni nanostructures grown on the (001) surface of MgO