High-precision RCS measurement of aircraft's weak scattering source

Dans le cadre de la guerre electronique en environnement marin, on cherche generalement a ameliorer la furtivite d'un navire militaire afin de le rendre plus difficile a detecter et a localiser. Pour cela, il faut reduire la valeur de sa Surface Equivalente Radar (SER) afin de la rendre negligeable face aux perturbations apportees par l'environnement. La pratique a montre que la valeur de la SER mesuree est fortement influencee par l'environnement. Les estimateurs developpes a ce jour offrent de bonnes performances pour determiner la SER d'une cible navale de petite dimension mais deviennent imprecis pour un objet de grande taille place dans un milieu inhomogene tel que l'environnement marin. Notre objectif est de proposer une nouvelle methode de calcul de la SER qui prend en consideration la nature volumique de la cible ainsi que les phenomenes de propagation intrinseques a l'environnement marin. Une dyade de Green associee a la propagation d'une onde radioelectrique dans un conduit d'evaporation en presence d'une mer lisse et parfaitement conductrice, est alors developpee et proposee pour calculer la SER de cibles navales de grandes dimensions.

/pdf/contribution-a-l-estimation-de-la-ser-d-une-cible-navale-en-31uciqbqbg.pdf

Contribution à l'estimation de la SER d'une cible navale en environnement réel : modélisation et mesures

Over the last decade there has been a significant increase in the number of patients with cancer worldwide Although the new methods of cancer treatment are very effective, successful treatment is possible only with diagnosing the early stages of the disease Therefore, creating new and harmless methods for early or pre-clinical diagnosis of cancer is an important task at present The report describes the main issues and challenges related to development of microwave imaging systems of biological objects The original hardware-software system for the study of biological objects was created The system operates in the frequency range of 1375 – 4400 MHz and has a sensitivity of 55 dB The study and visualization of investigated object is performed according to the measurement scattering in the near field region Solutions of salts and glucose were used as phantoms of biological objects The fundamental possibility of detection and visualization of contrast areas of the internal environment as the gradients of the permittivity and conductivity is shown

Possibilities of microwave imaging in medicine

The rapid growth in the number of cancer patients in the last decade has become a real challenge for modern medicine. At first, it is due to the fact that in most instances the effective treatment is possible only in the early stages of the disease. Modern medical diagnostic methods which allow to carry out earlier and pre-clinical diagnostic is usually invasive, costly, not always safe for the patient, and cannot be widely used for screening. Therefore, currently, the creation of new inexpensive and safe methods of early non-invasive diagnosis of cancer is an important task. The report describes the main issues and challenges related to development of microwave imaging systems of biological objects. The original hardware-software system for the study of biological objects is created. The system has frequency range from 137.5 to 4400 MHz and the sensitivity of 55 dB. The visualization of the object under study is performed according to the scattering measurements in the near field region.

The microwave imaging method for express diagnostic of cancer

Microwave medical imaging has received considerable attention in recent years. Microwave systems are simple, cost-effective as compared to other modalities. The ultra-wideband technology provides high resolution fast data acquisition and detection, low microwave energy pulse and accurate localization of a target for imaging which are important aspects for electromagnetic medical applications. This chapter provides the state-of-art-techniques, methodologies and system level analysis related to UWB medical imaging with the focus on breast, brain, and heart imaging medical applications. Microwave techniques do not use ionizing radiation and thus the scans can safely be performed frequently, making them excellent candidates for diagnostic cancer screening. Based on an inherent contrast in the dielectric properties of healthy and malignant breast tissues, UWB technology has the potential to discriminate between cancerous growths and healthy or melanin tissues. UWB technology has also emerged as one of the preferred choices for through-wall detection that address to see inside structures to determine the layout of buildings, presence of persons within the buildings/mines during search, rescue, and emergency operations. The UWB through wall system exploits the fine time resolution, good wall penetration properties, high performance in challenging environments, and high range resolution of the UWB signals. Various antenna designs and signal processing algorithms for imaging purposes have been discussed in this chapter such as delay-and-sum (DAS) algorithms and its various modifications, synthetic aperture radar, Kirchhoff migration, compressed sensing (CS)-based approaches.

UWB Radar Technology for Imaging Applications

Medical imaging utilizing electromagnetic waves as probes has been studied for at least the past half century, and, despite its long gestation period, in recent years it has finally claimed its proper role as an emerging alternative to X-rays. These evolving electromagnetic techniques now embrace several varieties of bioinstrumentation, microwave thermography and microwave microscopy, radar imaging, microwave holography, diffraction tomography, and on to inverse scattering methods, the latter largely reliant upon an optimization-based, computer-intensive underpinning. Our survey will conclude with a comprehensive comparison roster. In 2004 we developed the Field Mapping Algorithm (FMA) in the arena of electromagnetic fields. In addition to its natural antenna and radar cross section (RCS) applications, we have recently found it to be ideally suited for use in medical imaging. Our FMA provides direct solutions to 3-D inverse scattering problems, allowing images of internal biological organs to be obtained simply on the basis of the scattered fields detected by sensors that are proximate, yet fully external to living tissue. In particular, with the low-power microwave probing which is organized beneath the control of our FMA, one is able to bypass altogether the carcinogenic threat of in situ ionization which inevitably accompanies X-ray transit. Test measurements conducted with bona fide biological samples have consistently shown convincing results.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6526699/6546197/06546783.pdf

Microwave medical imaging techniques

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Microwave medical imaging techniques