Risk assessment, cross-resistance, biochemical mechanism and fitness cost of tetraniliprole resistance in the tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta

BACKGROUND
Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive, widespread agricultural pest in China. However, there have been no reports assessing feeding damage on wheat caused by S. frugiperda. To clarify the fitness and potential damage of S. frugiperda to wheat, this study analyzed the population parameters of S. frugiperda fed on wheat in a laboratory and simulated the potential damage in field conditions.


RESULTS
The population parameters of S. frugiperda were compared using life tables on wheat at the seedling and adult plant stages. The adult female longevity of S. frugiperda varied from 12.29 days on seedling plants to 16.60 days on adult plants. Egg production was significantly higher when fed on wheat at the seedling stage (646.34 eggs) than when fed on adult plants (495.86 eggs). On wheat at the seedling and adult plant stages, the mean generation times were 35.42 and 38.34 days, respectively, and the intrinsic rates of increase were 0.15 and 0.14, respectively. Spodoptera frugiperda completed development and increased its population in wheat at both plant growth stages. In the field, the effect of different larval densities on the 1000-kernel weight of wheat was significantly different. An action threshold of 40 larvae per m2 was estimated, and the higher population densities caused a yield loss of 17.7%.


CONCLUSION
Spodoptera frugiperda can complete its life cycle on wheat at different stages. Wheat can serve as an alternative host for S. frugiperda. If S. frugiperda reaches 320 larvae per m2 density during wheat growth, it will cause yield loss exceeding 17%. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Life table study of Spodoptera frugiperda at different wheat stages and the effect of larval population density on wheat yield.

Sublethal and transgenerational effects of tetraniliprole on the tomato pinworm Phthorimaea (=Tuta) absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a devastating pest of tomato plants, originates from South America but it has been considered an invasive pest for Iran since 2010. To assess crop loss caused by this pest, a study was conducted in a 600 m2 field under a randomised complete block design. The impact of different initial densities of T. absoluta, including control (without infestation), one, two, four, and eight T. absoluta eggs on each host plant in the first and second year was investigated with an additional treatment (16 pinworm eggs per host plant) used in the second year. Yield attributes including length and width of fruits, numbers of infested and intact fruits along with their weights were sampled and assessed on a weekly basis. In addition, the correlation between the number of galleries and these characteristics was also investigated. Crop loss data demonstrated that the effect of different infestation levels on fruit size and the weight of intact fruits was not significant over both years. However, the effect of treatment on the percentage and weight of infested fruits was shown to be significantly different in 2014 and 2015. Furthermore, there was a negative significant correlation between the number of galleries and weight of infested fruits in both years. Collectively, these results will be useful for enhancing pest management programs of T. absoluta in Iran.

Assessment of Tuta absoluta yield loss in Iranian tomato crops

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Assessment of Tuta absoluta yield loss in Iranian tomato crops