Nearly 50 years ago, Chase published a review of hair cycling in which he detailed hair growth in the mouse and integrated hair biology with the biology of his day. In this review we have used Chas...

/pdf/controls-of-hair-follicle-cycling-2h0o2ckdy0.pdf

Controls of hair follicle cycling.

https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)30629-1/pdf

Variations of Hair Follicle Size and Distribution in Different Body Sites

Excised human skin is utilized for in vitro permeation experiments to evaluate the safety and effect of topically-applied drugs by measuring its skin permeation and concentration. However, ethical considerations are the major problem for using human skin to evaluate percutaneous absorption. Moreover, large variations have been found among human skin specimens as a result of differences in age, race, and anatomical donor site. Animal skins are used to predict the in vivo human penetration/permeation of topically-applied chemicals. In the present review, skin characteristics, such as thickness of skin, lipid content, hair follicle density, and enzyme activity in each model are compared to human skin. In addition, intra- and inter-individual variation in animal models, permeation parameter correlation between animal models and human skin, and utilization of cultured human skin models are also descried. Pig, guinea pig, and hairless rat are generally selected for this purpose. Each animal model has advantages and weaknesses for utilization in in vitro skin permeation experiments. Understanding of skin permeation characteristics such as permeability coefficient (P), diffusivity (D), and partition coefficient (K) for each skin model would be necessary to obtain better correlations for animal models to human skin permeation.

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/9/3/33/pdf

Transdermal Permeation of Drugs in Various Animal Species

The influence of specific follicle properties, sebum production and hair growth on the follicular penetration of topically applied substances was investigated. The behavior of follicles identified in selected skin areas of volunteers was analyzed by various tape stripping and staining methods in combination with laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore hair growth in the selected skin areas was determined. A correlation between sebum production, hair growth activity and follicular penetration was observed.

Investigation of Follicular Penetration of Topically Applied Substances

In the present study, the immunophenotype of basal cell carcinoma was analysed in comparison with human vellus hair follicular keratinocytes. We also established the lectin binding profile of basal cell carcinoma and human vellus hair follicles (VHF), using several lectins with different sugar specificities. Our findings showed an almost identical immunohistochemical profile for basal cell carcinoma and the suprabulbar region of the outer root sheath of VHF, whereas other follicular compartments such as the bulbar, the isthmus or the supraseboglandular regions did not correlate. In particular, homogeneous and constant expression of the basal differentiation markers CK 5 and CK 14 were found in both specimen, with no expression of the simple epithelium type keratin CK 8 and the suprabasal differentiation markers CK 1 and CK 10. CK 19 showed variable expression in basal cell carcinoma, with constant expression in the outer root sheath and the follicular bulge regions, but was always absent in interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, the lectin binding profiles of basal cell carcinoma and the outer root sheath in the suprabulbar region of human VHF were comparable, with the presence of binding sites for PNA, Con A and WGA. These findings provide evidence for a histochemical relationship between basal cell carcinoma and the follicular epithelium of VHF which is closer than that with the epidermis, and suggest its possible origin from or possibly its differentiation pattern towards the cells of the outer root sheath and/or the follicular bulge region of the VHF.

Basal cell carcinoma possibly originates from the outer root sheath and/or the bulge region of the vellus hair follicle.

In this White Paper for the Snowmass 2021 Process, we propose the establishment of a magnet Leading-Edge technology And Feasibility-directed Program (LEAF Program) to achieve readiness for a future collider decision on the timescale of the next decade. The LEAF Program would rely on, and be synergetic with, generic R&D efforts presently covered - in the US - by the Magnet Development Program (MDP), the Conductor Procurement and R&D (CPRD) Program and other activities in the Office of HEP supported by Early Career Awards (ECA) or Lab Directed R&D (LDRD) funds. Where possible, ties to synergetic efforts in other Offices of DOE or NSF are highlighted and suggested as wider Collaborative efforts on the National scale. International efforts are also mentioned as potential partners in the LEAF Program. We envision the LEAF Program to concentrate on demonstrating the feasibility of magnets for muon colliders as well as next generation high energy hadron colliders, pursuing, where necessary and warranted by the nature of the application, the transition from R&D models to long models/prototypes. The LEAF Program will naturally drive accelerator-quality and experiment-interface design considerations. LEAF will also concentrate, where necessary, on cost reduction and/or industrialization steps.

/pdf/white-paper-on-leading-edge-technology-and-feasibility-35bnefix.pdf

White Paper on Leading-Edge technology And Feasibility-directed (LEAF) Program aimed at readiness demonstration for Energy Frontier Circular Colliders by the next decade

The growth of vellus hair and the secretion of sebum from vellus hair follicles were measured on the forehead, cheek, chest, shoulder and back of healthy men and women aged 15-30 years. Hair growth was assessed by computerized image-analysis of photographs and sebum excretion by the use of Sebutape followed by image analysis. The density of vellus hairs and the percentage of growing hairs were higher on the face than on the thorax (439 hairs/cm2 with 49% growing hairs on the forehead compared with 85 hairs/cm2 with 31.5% growing hairs on the back). The rate of growth ranged from 0.03 mm/day on the forehead to 0.13 mm/day on the back. The maximum length of vellus hair significantly decreased with age; otherwise hair growth was not affected by age or sex. Some variations in hair growth and sebum secretion were observed over a period of 3 months, but no consistent rhythms were detected. There was no obvious link between vellus hair growth and sebum excretion.

Physiology of the vellus hair follicle: hair growth and sebum excretion.

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White Paper on Leading-Edge technology And Feasibility-directed (LEAF) Program aimed at readiness demonstration for Energy Frontier Circular Colliders by the next decade

Physiology of the vellus hair follicle: hair growth and sebum excretion.