The field of propagating quantum microwaves is a relatively new area of research that is receiving increased attention due to its promising technological applications, both in communication and sensing. While formally similar to quantum optics, some key elements required by the aim of having a controllable quantum microwave interface are still on an early stage of development. Here, we argue where and why a fully operative toolbox for propagating quantum microwaves will be needed, pointing to novel directions of research along the way: from microwave quantum key distribution to quantum radar, bath-system learning, or direct dark matter detection. The article therefore functions both as a review of the state-of-the-art, and as an illustration of the wide reach of applications the future of quantum microwaves will open.

pdf/propagating-quantum-microwaves-towards-applications-in-3qw0fsuu.pdf

Propagating quantum microwaves: towards applications in communication and sensing

Is Dark Matter part of a Dark Sector? The possibility of a dark sector neutral under Standard Model (SM) 5 forces furnishes an attractive explanation for the existence of Dark Matter (DM), and is a compelling new- 6 physics direction to explore in its own right, with potential relevance to fundamental questions as varied 7 as neutrino masses, the hierarchy problem, and the Universe’s matter-antimatter asymmetry. Because dark 8 sectors are generically weakly coupled to ordinary matter, and because they naturally have MeV-to-GeV 9 masses and respect the symmetries of the SM, they are only mildly constrained by high-energy collider data 10 and precision atomic measurements. Yet upcoming and proposed intensity-frontier experiments will offer an 11 unprecedented window into the physics of dark sectors. Support for this program—in the form of dark-sector 12 analyses at multi-purpose experiments, completion of the DM New Initiatives (DMNI) program, a second 13 generation of DMNI with a focus on complementary signals ( e.g. long-lived particles), and support for a 14 robust dark sector theory effort—will enable comprehensive exploration of low-mass thermal DM milestones, 15 and greatly enhance sensitivity to dark sector particles decaying back to SM particles. 16 The existence dark matter a dark sector. The existence of DM is firmly established due 17 to its However, little is known about the particle nature of DM. A well-motivated 18 possibility is that DM to a dark sector of particles exhibiting physics similar in structure (and 19 possibly complexity) that ordinary matter. the traditional weakly interacting massive 20 particle (WIMP) paradigm, dark sector neutral all 21 SM particles neutral dark-sector forces. dark sector the lack 22 of strong or electromagnetic may have suppressed couplings, making lines of different colors complementary in this extended model space.

Dark Sector Physics at High-Intensity Experiments

Dark matter particles can be observably produced at intensity-frontier experiments, and opportunities in the next decade will explore important parameter space motivated by thermal DM models, the dark sector paradigm, and anomalies in data. This whitepaper describes the motivations, detection strategies, prospects and challenges for such searches, as well as synergies and complementarity both within RF6 and across HEP.

A Snowmass Whitepaper: Dark Matter Production at Intensity-Frontier Experiments

The minimum testable dark matter (DM) mass for almost all DM signatures in celestial bodies is determined by the rate at which DM evaporates. DM evaporation has previously been calculated assuming a competition between the gravitational potential of the object, and thermal kicks from the celestial-body matter. We point out a new effect, where mediators with a range larger than the interparticle spacing induce a force proportional to the density gradient of celestial objects, forming an evaporation barrier for the DM. This effect can be so significant that evaporation does not occur even for sub-MeV DM, in stark contrast to previous calculations. This opens up a wide range of new light DM searches, many orders of magnitude in DM mass below the sensitivity of direct detection.

pdf/evaporation-barrier-for-dark-matter-in-celestial-bodies-8f712sz3.pdf

Evaporation Barrier for Dark Matter in Celestial Bodies

Mineral detection of neutrinos and dark matter. A whitepaper

The search for particle-like dark matter with meV-to-GeV masses has developed rapidly in the past few years. We summarize the science case for these searches, the recent progress, and the exciting upcoming opportunities. Funding for Research and Development and a portfolio of small dark matter projects will allow the community to capitalize on the substantial recent advances in theory and experiment and probe vast regions of unexplored dark-matter parameter space in the coming decade.

Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of low-threshold dark matter direct detection in the next decade

The prognostic value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is not well studied. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic role of baseline NLR in HER2-positive MBC patients treated with trastuzumab/pertuzumab. The clinical data of 780 patients from CLEOPATRA were applied from VIVLI platform, and 248 HER2-postive MBC were collected from six local hospitals. Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses were used to control bias. The associations between clinicopathological factors, NLR and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. After PSM or IPTW adjustment, the subgroups were similar. Low baseline NLR was prognostic with better PFS and OS in the TH group in raw, PSM and IPTW models. Upon IPTW, low NLR, versus high NLR, was associated with improved PFS (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.70, P = 0.012) and OS (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12-1.94, P = 0.006) in the TH group. In the THP group, low baseline NLR was also correlated with better PFS, but not for OS in the three models. After IPTW, patients with low NLR were associated with better PFS (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.20-1.93, P = 0.001) comparing that with high NLR. Multivariate analyses showed that low baseline NLR was a predictor for PFS and OS in TH group, and PFS in the THP group in the three models. In the real-world study, low baseline NLR was a predictor of better PFS among patients with trastuzumab plus docetaxel or trastuzumab plus pertuzumab plus docetaxel therapy (P = 0.025 and 0.009 respectively). Low baseline NLR is associated with better survival outcome among HER2-positive MBC receiving docetaxel plus trastuzumab or docetaxel plus trastuzumab plus pertuzumab as first-line therapy. Re-analyses of prospective randomized studies are needed to verify the role of baseline NLR in HER2-positive MBC treated with trastuzumab/pertuzumab. 

http://www.esmoopen.com/article/S2059702923004593/pdf

9P Prognostic value of baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Exploratory analysis from the CLEOPATRA trial

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Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: The landscape of low-threshold dark matter direct detection in the next decade

9P Prognostic value of baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Exploratory analysis from the CLEOPATRA trial