The authors critically review systems development in information systems (IS) research. Several classification schemes of research are described and systems development is identified as a developmental, engineering, and formulative type of research. A framework of research is proposed to explain the dual nature of systems development as a research methodology and a research domain in IS research. Progress in several disciplinary areas is reviewed to provide a basis to argue that systems development is a valid research methodology. A systems development research process is presented from a methodological perspective. Software engineering, the basic method is applying the systems development research methodology, is then discussed. A framework to classify IS research domain and various research methodologies in studying systems development is presented. It is suggested that systems development and empirical research methodologies are complementary to each other. It is further proposed that an integrated multidimensional and multimethodological approach will generate fruitful research results in IS research. >

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Systems development in information systems research

Web site usability is a critical metric for assessing the quality of a firm's Web presence. A measure of usability must not only provide a global rating for a specific Web site, ideally it should also illuminate specific strengths and weaknesses associated with site design. In this paper, we describe a heuristic evaluation procedure for examining the usability of Web sites. The procedure utilizes a comprehensive set of usability guidelines developed by Microsoft.We present the categories and subcategories comprising these guidelines, and discuss the development of an instrument that operationalizes the measurement of usability. The proposed instrument was tested in a heuristic evaluation study where 1,475 users rated multiple Web sites from four different industry sectors: airlines, online bookstores, automobile manufacturers, and car rental agencies. To enhance the external validity of the study, users were asked to assume the role of a consumer or an investor when assessing usability. Empirical results suggest that the evaluation procedure, the instrument, as well as the usability metric exhibit good properties. Implications of the findings for researchers, for Web site designers, and for heuristic evaluation methods in usability testing are offered.

/pdf/assessing-a-firm-s-web-presence-a-heuristic-evaluation-5gbf46jua3.pdf

Assessing a Firm's Web Presence: A Heuristic Evaluation Procedure for the Measurement of Usability

Anthropomorphism is a far-reaching phenomenon that incorporates ideas from social psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and the neurosciences. Although commonly considered to be a relatively universal phenomenon with only limited importance in modern industrialized societies—more cute than critical—our research suggests precisely the opposite. In particular, we provide a measure of stable individual differences in anthropomorphism that predicts three important consequences for everyday life. This research demonstrates that individual differences in anthropomorphism predict the degree of moral care and concern afforded to an agent, the amount of responsibility and trust placed on an agent, and the extent to which an agent serves as a source of social influence on the self. These consequences have implications for disciplines outside of psychology including human–computer interaction, business (marketing and finance), and law. Concluding discussion addresses how understanding anthropom...

/pdf/who-sees-human-the-stability-and-importance-of-individual-3bik5acfst.pdf

Who Sees Human?: The Stability and Importance of Individual Differences in Anthropomorphism

These recommendation provide a good starting point for identifying and resolving software problems early in life cycle—when they're s relatively easy to handle

Verifying and validating software requirements and design specifications

Definitions of the terms "verification" and "validation," and an explanation of their context in the software life-cycle; A description of the basic sequence of functions performed during software requirements and design VV An evaluation of the relative cost and effectiveness of the major software requirements and design VV An example V&V checklist for software system reliability and availability.

Guidelines for verifying and validating software requirements and design specifications

This book should be either read carefully, or at least skimmed, by almost all programmers, programming managers, and any people concerned with the realities of software and software systems The author defines "Software psychology" on p 3 as:The study of human performance in using computer and information systems Understanding of human skills and capacity to design effective computer systems can be improved by application of the techniques of experimental psychology; the analysis of cognitive and perceptual processes; the methods of social, personnel and industrial psychology; and the theories of psycholinguistics

Software psychology: human factors in computer and information systems

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Software psychology: human factors in computer and information systems